以下是小编整理的英语语法知识不定式时态的用法精选4篇,仅供参考,希望能够帮助到大家。
用法:A) 基本结构是will / shall do。
例:We shall send her a glass hand-made craft as her birthday gift.
(我们将送给她一个玻璃的手工制品,作为给她的生日礼物。)
B) 有些动词,如:arrive, be close, come, do, done, go, have, leave, open, play, return, sleep, start, stay等,用于一般进行时,并且通常与一个表示将来时间的时间状语连用,可以表示将来时。
例:My mother is coming to visit me next week and is staying here until May.
(我妈妈下周将来看我,并会呆到5月。)
C) 表示“打算去……,要……”时,可用be going to do。
例:This is just what I am going to say.(这正是我想说的。)
D) 表示“即将、正要”时,可用be about to do。强调近期内或马上要做的事。
例:Don"t worry, I am about to make a close examination on you.
(别担心,我马上就给你做一次仔细的检查。)
E) “be to do”的5种用法:
a) 表示“按计划、安排即将发生某事或打算做某事”。
例:She is to be seen in the lab on Monday.(星期一你准会在实验室见到她。)
b) 该做或不该做的事情(语气上接近于should, must, ought to, have to),表示一种命令、规劝性语气。
例:You are to go to bed and keep quiet, kids. Our guests are arriving in less than 5 minutes.
(孩子们,你们必须上床睡觉,不准吵闹。我们的客人5分钟之内就要到了。)
c) 能或不能发生的事情(接近can, may)
例:How am I to pay such a debt?(我怎么可能还得起这么大的一笔债呢?)
d) 不可避免将要发生的事情,后来将要发生的事情。
例:I assure you that the matter _______ as quickly as possible. Have a little patience.
A. will be attended B. will be attended to
C. is attended D. is attended to
will be attended to关键的一点是:attend表示“处理,解决”时是不及物动词,必须与to连用。另外,从上下文看,事情显然尚未解决,所以应该用将来时的被动语态。答案是B。
e) 用于条件从句“如果……想,设想”(接近if ……want to,或if ……should)
例:Greater efforts to increase agricultural production must be made if food shortage ____________ avoided.
A) is to be B) can be C) will be D) has been
答案是A) is to be。全句的意思是:“如果要避免食品短缺,就必须作出更大努力来增加农业产量。”
F) 同样可以表示“正要、将要”的意思的句型是be on the point of doing。
例:The coach is on the point of giving up the game because our team has been scored 7 points.
(教练想要放弃这场比赛了,因为对方已经射进了7个球。)
例:I was _______ the point of telephoning him when his letter arrived.
A) in B) to C) at D) on
答案是D)。on the point of doing 是固定词组,意思是“正要、打算”。全句的意思是:“当他的信到的时候我正要打电话给他。”
注意事项:
在以if, when, as long as, as soon as, after, before, in case, until, unless等连词以及具有连词作用的副词(immediately, the moment, directly)等引导的状语从句,一般用现在时代替将来时。强调延续性或动态时,可用完成时。
例:I hope his health will have improved by the time you come back next year.(我希望到明年你回来的时候,他的身体已经好多了。)
在谓语以外的句子成分中使用的动词一定要变词形(不能用动词原形),把动词原形变成不定式、-ing式或者过去分词,所以我们把这三种动词形式称为非谓语动词。
不定式的结构:
1.基本型:不定式符号to+原形动词 to work
2.带宾语:to+原形动词+宾语 to ask somebody
3.带宾补:to+原形动词+宾语+宾补 to ask somebody to come
4.带状语:to+原形动词+状语 to walk slowly
5.带连接词:连接词+to+原形动词 where to go
6.带逻辑主语:for…to+原形动词 for me to sing
7.to后插副词:to+副词+原形动词 tocarefully choose
8.否定式:not+to+原形动词 not to go
说明:
3.不定式可以在前边放逻辑主语,通常用for…引导,有时用of…引导。
注意:for…和of…的用法区别。
1) 要表示“难易程度,必要性”等客观情况时,用for…。
用于这种句式中的形容词常见的有:
easy, hard, difficult, possible, impossible,necessary, unnecessary, interesting, strange, important等等。
2)要表示“好坏,正确与否”等主观态度、感情时,用of…。
用于这种句式中的形容词常见的有:
kind, nice, good, wise, clever,foolish, stupid, right, wrong, considerate(体贴), polite, impolite, careful, careless…
For you to pass TOEFL is a piece of cake.
你通过托福考试是小菜一碟。
It is very common for young girls to wear miniskirts.
年轻姑娘穿迷你裙是很常见的事。
It is very kind of you to give me the present.
你送我这礼品真是太客气了。
4.不定式的否定式是在to前边加not。注意此处不能加do not, donot只用于谓语中。
我们可以叫他不要粗心。
×We may ask him don’t to be careless.
√We may ask him not to be careless.
告诉小孩不要吃烂苹果。
×Tell kids do not eat rotten apples.
√Tell kids not to eat rotten apples.
For him to get 85 marks is hard.
让他获85分太难了。
It is common for men to tie.
男士扎领带是很普通的事。
It is very kind of you to see me off at the airport.
你关我到机场真是太客气了。
5.有时候可以把一个程度副词或者方式副词插入不定式符号to和实义动词之间:
We want you to carefully consider it.
我们要你仔细地考虑一下。
He likes to extremely exaggerate things.
他喜欢极端地夸张事情。
They want me to accurately measure the width of windows.
他们要我准确地测量窗户的宽度。
No one told him to slowly down the hill.
没人叫他慢慢地下山。
用法:表示从将来的某一时间开始、延续到另一个将来时间的动作或状态,或是发生在某个将来时间,但对其后的另一个将来时间有影响的动作或状态。就好象把现在完成时平移到时间轴的将来时时段一样。其用法从和过去及现在有关,变成了和将来及将来的将来有关。
例: The conference __________ a full week by the time it ends.
A) must have lasted B) will have lasted
C) would last D) has lasted
本题考核谓语动词的时态。全句的意思是:“会议从开始到结束将持续整整一个星期。”句中by the time it ends表示动作要延续到将来某一时刻,因此要用将来完成时。答案是B) will have lasted。如果选A),因为情态动词must后面接动词不定式的完成时形式表示对已经发生的事情的一种肯定推测,而本句的时间状语是by the time it ends而非by the time it ended,所以犯了时态不呼应的错误。Would虽可以表示推测或可能性,但would last不能表示延续到将来某一时刻的动作,所以C) would last错误。因为D) has lasted是现在完成时,表示到现在为止已经完成的动作,不能表示延续到将来某一时刻的动作,所以也不正确。
注意事项:由于本时态是由将来时和完成时融合在一起的,所以关于本时态的注意事项,可以参考“一般将来时”和“现在完成时”的有关注意事项。
时态\\语态 主动 被动
一般式to doto be done
进行式to be doing
完成式to have done to have been done
完成进行式 to have been doing
1) 现在时:一般现在时表示的动词,有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生,有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。
he seems to know this.
i hope to see you again. = i hope that i"ll see you again. 我希望再见到你。
2) 完成时:表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。
i"m sorry to have given you so much trouble.
he seems to have caught a cold.
3) 进行时: 表示动作正在进行,与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。
he seems to be eating something.
4) 完成进行时:
she is known to have been wreaking on the problem for many years.
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