英语四级考试时间
2016英语四级翻译话题优先储备:孔雀舞话题材料:  孔雀舞(peacock dance)是傣族(Dai ethnic group)最广泛流传的古代舞蹈之一,同时也是傣族最受喜爱的舞蹈。对傣族来说,孔[db:cate]
大学英语四级翻译技巧|大学英语四级翻译

2016英语四级翻译话题优先储备:孔雀舞

话题材料:

  孔雀舞(peacock dance)是傣族(Dai ethnic group)最广泛流传的古代舞蹈之一,同时也是傣族最受喜爱的舞蹈。对傣族来说,孔雀象征着好运、幸福、美丽和诚实,所以跳孔雀舞是为了歌颂美好的生活,表达对幸福生活的美好的祝愿。孔雀舞主要在傣历的新年-泼水节(the Water-splashingFestival)、关门节(the Gate Closing Festival)、开门节(the Gate Opening Festival)和一些重要的宗教活动上表演。他们通过跳优雅的孔雀舞来祈求和平与幸福。

参考译文:

  The peacock dance is one of the most wide-spreadancient dances and also the best-loved dance of theDai ethnic group.To the Dai people, the peacock is asymbol of good luck, happiness, beauty andhonesty.So to perform this dance is to present aeulogy of good life and express good wishes for a happy life.It is mostly performed on the NewYear (Water-splashing Festival) of the Dai calendar, at the Gate Closing Festival,the GateOpening Festival and some important religious events.They pray for peace and happiness withgraceful peacock dancing.

  1.孔雀舞是傣族最广泛流传的古代舞蹈之一:“最广泛流传的”可用the most wide-spread表示,spread意为“传播”,wide-spread意为“广泛传播的”;“傣族”可译为Daiethnic group。

2.对傣族来说,孔雀象征着好运、幸福、美丽和诚实:“对傣族族来说"可译为to the Dai people,因上文有“傣族”的全称,故此处可以简写,也可译为for the Dai people; “象征着”可以理解为“是…的象征”,故可以用bea symbol of:..来表示。

2016英语四级翻译话题优先储备:古琴

话题材料:

  在中国,琴(qin)是所有中国乐器中最令人尊敬的,它大约有5000年的历史。早在战国时期的孔子时代,古琴(guqin)已成为才子们必弹的乐器。古琴数千年来一直与才子(giftedscholar)们的生活密切相关。他们弹奏古琴来表达自己的情感和梦想。古琴甚至已经超越了音乐的范畴,成为了良好人格的象征。大量古琴杰作被保存了下来,组成了中国音乐巨大的、有价值的音乐集锦。

参考译文:

  In China, qin is the most respectable of all Chinesemusical instruments,and it has a history of about5,000 years.As early as the age of Confucius in theWarring States Period, guqin has already been themust-play musical instrument for giftedscholars.Guqin is closely associated with life of gifted scholars for thousands of years.They playthis instrument to express their emotions and dreams.Guqin has even already surpassed thescope of music,and become the symbol of good personality.A large number of guqin masterpieces were left,which form the huge and valuable collection of Chinese music.

  1.在中国,琴是所有中国乐器中最令人尊敬的,它大约有5000年的历史:“最令人尊敬的”可译为the mostrespectable,respectable表示“值得尊敬的”respectful意为“对人尊敬的”,respected表示“受人尊敬的”;“有...的历史”可译为 have a history of。

  2.早在战国的时期孔子时代,古琴已成为才子们必弹的乐器:“早在”可译为 as early as。“必弹的”可译为复合词must-play,must强调其必须性。“战国时期”是专有名词’译为the Warring States Period。

2016英语四级翻译话题优先储备:中国结

话题材料:

  中国结(Chinese knotting)是中国典型的本土艺术。它的特点是每一个结都是由—根绳索编成的,并由其特定的外形和意义来命名。中国结的传统源远流长。在古代,由于没有现在的配件,如纽扣或拉链,人们不得不把服装带打结,来绑住他们的衣服。多年来,中国结从原来拥有实际用途演变成一种优雅的、丰富多彩的工艺品。今天,人们喜欢中国结,是因为其形式特别、色彩多变并且意义深厚。

参考译文:

Chinese knotting is a typical local art of China.Its characteristic is that every knot is made with asingle rope and named by its specific form and meaning.The tradition of Chinese knotting enjoys along history.Without present-day accessories suchas buttons or zips, ancient people had to knot the clothing belt so as to tie their dresses.Overthe years, Chinese knot has now evolved to a kind of elegant and colorful artware from owningpractical use.Today, people are fond of Chinese knot for its characteristic form, colorfulnessand profound meaning.

  1.它的特点是每一个结都是由一根绳索编成的,并由其特定的外形和意义来命名:主句为Its characteristic isthat…。从句中“由...编成”可译为be made with。“由...而命名”可译为be named by。

  2.在古代,由于没有现在的配件,如纽扣或拉链,人们不得不把服装带打结,来绑住他们的衣服:“在古代,人们…”可以合并到一起,翻译为ancient people。“没有现在的配件”可用介词without引导的介词短语表示,即without present-day accessories,这部分状语可放在句子前面。“不得不把服装带打结” 可译为had to knot the clothing belt,这里的knot是动词。句中的“来"表示一种目的,可译为so as to,意为“以便,为了”,in order to也表示这个意思。

  3.多年来,中国结从原来拥有实际用途演变成一种优雅的、丰富多彩的工艺品:“多年来”可译为over theyears。“实际用途”可译为practical use。“工艺品” 可译为artware或handiwork, artifact。

2016英语四级翻译话题优先储备:天安门广场

话题材料:

  天安门广场(Tiananmen Square)位于北京市中心,是世界上最大的广场。整个广场东西宽500米,南北长880米。总面积达44万平方米。矗立在广场中央的人民英雄纪念碑(Monument to the People"s Heroes)是新中国诞生后在广场修建的第一座建筑。天安门广场与其周围的建筑,被称为中国的心脏,是举行重大庆典的神圣之地。天安门广场还是著名的旅游景点,每天都有大量的中外游客到此参观旅游。

参考译文:

  1.第1句中的“位于北京市中心”可处理为地点状语,用过去分词短语located at the center trf Bering City来表达,将第2个分句处理为句子的主干,使译文主次分明。

  2.第2句中,将“总面积达44万平方米”处理为主干it coversa total area of...。“整个广场东西宽500米,南北长 880 米”表伴随状态,可译为分词短语 measuring 880 metersnorth to south, said... east to west,动词measure表“距离/长度/宽度为……”,用在此处生动形象。

  3.第3句的主干是“人民英雄纪念碑是第一座建筑”,而“矗立在广场中央的”则为修饰“人民英雄纪念碑”的定语。该句可按原语序结构,把“矗立在广场中央的”译为定语从句,整句译为Monument to the People"s Heroesthat stands... is the first architecture...;或可将“矗立在广场中央的”译为伴随状语,standing in thecenter of...;也可将“是新中国诞生后在广场修建的第一座建筑”处理为“人民英雄纪念碑”的同位语,表达为Monument to the People"s Heroes, the first architecture built..., stands...。

  4.第4句最后一个分句“是举行重大庆典的神圣之地”语义较独立,故考虑分译为一个独立的句子。定语“举行重大庆典的”较长,且含有动作,故译为定语从句,置于被修饰词holy place之后。

  5.最后一句后半句的“每天都有大量的中外游客到此参观旅游”的逻辑主语与前半句中的主语“天安门广场” 不一致,翻译时可稍作处理,将其意思转换为“每天吸引大量的中外游客到此……”,译为attracting a largeamount of tourists...,表伴随状态。或可用介词短语witti a large amount of visitors...作后置定语,修饰tourist attraction。“到此参观旅游”承前的“旅游景点”可省略不译。

  Located at the center of Beijing City, TiananmenSquare is the largest square in the world. It covers atotal area of 440,000 square meters, measuring 880metens north to south, and 500 meters east towest. Monument to the People"s Heroes, the firstarchitecture built on the square after the founding ofNew China, stands upright in the center. Tiananmen Square, together with the surroundingarchitectures, can be called the heart of China. It is the holy place where grand ceremonies areheld. Tiananmen Square is also a famous tourist attraction with a large amount of visitors fromhome and abroad every day.

2016英语四级翻译话题优先储备:茅盾

话题材料:

  茅盾是中国最优秀的著名现代小说家之一。他最著名的作品是《子夜》 (Midnight)。茅盾还在上小学时就已经开始发展他的写作技巧。当他在杭州读中学时,广泛的阅读和严格的写作技能培训充满了他的生活。期间他读完了大量的古典小说。这些小说影响了他的写作风格和创作理念。茅盾于1913年进入北京大学提供的为期三年的基础学校,在那里他研究了中国和西方文学。

参考译文:

  Mao Dun is one of the best, famous modernnovelists in China.His most famous work isMidnight.Mao Dun had already started to develop hiswriting skills when he was still in primaryschool.While he was studying in secondary school inHangzhou,extensive reading and strict writing skills training filled his life.During that time, hefinished reading a large number of classical novels which influenced his writing style and creatingideas.Mao Dun entered the three-year foundation school offered by Peking University in1913,in which he studied Chinese and Western literature.

  1.当他在杭州读中学时,广泛的阅读和严格的写作技能培训充满了他的生活:“广泛的”可译为extensive, “广泛的阅读”为extensive reading。“严格的”可译为strict, bestrict with意为对...要求严格。充满可译为fill,同义词组还有be full of。

  2.他读完了大量的古典小说:“读完”可用英语常用的结构finish+v-ing。“大量的”因其修饰的为可数名词“小说”,故可译为a large number of。“古典小说”可译为classical novels。

  3.这些小说影响了他的写作风格和创作理念:“影响”可译为动词influence,也可译为词组have thehifluence on。英语中表示影响的词语还有名词effect,动词affect,词组have effect on。

2016英语四级翻译话题优先储备:唐装

参考译文:

  The Tang Dynasty was the most thriving,prosperous, splendid and glorious period in ancientChina.As a result, the traditional clothing worn bythe Chinese is called “Tang suit”.Actually, "Tang suit”is not the clothing of the Tang Dynasty.Its origin canbe traced back to the Qing Dynasty, evolving from Chinese jacket.Tang suit is made in differentcolors, the most common are red, dark blue, gold and black.One common design is the usage ofChinese characters to convey good luck and wishes.Today,there are still many people whowould wear Tang suit during traditional festivals.

  1.唐朝是中国古代最繁荣、兴旺、灿烂、光荣的时期:该句的翻译重点是几个形容词的翻译,因此,考生应注意平时形容词的积累。这几个形容词可翻译为thriving,prosperous, splendid and glorious。

  2.因此,中国人穿的传统服装就被称为“唐装”:“因此”可译为as a result,在英语中表达结果的词语还有thus、therefore、so等。"传统服装”可译为traditionalclothing。

  3.它的起源可以追溯到清朝,由马褂演变而来:“起源”可译为origin,如“物种起源”为origin of thespecies。“演变”可译为evolve,常用结构是evolve from,表示“由…演变而来”。

  4.唐装上一种常见的设计是使用汉字来表达好运和祝福:中文为了使上下文连接所以有“唐装上”三个字,翻译为英语时可以省去不译。“一种常见的设计是使用汉字来表达…”可以理解为“一种常见的设计是汉字的使用,来表达...”。

2016英语四级翻译话题优先储备:中国教育体制

话题材料:

  中国的教育体制分为三个阶段:基础教育、高等教育和成人教育。基础教育包括学前教育(pre-school education)、小学和中学。高等教育由职业专科学校、学院和大学组成。1986年,中国开始实行从小学到初中的九年制义务教育(nine-year compulsory education)政策。中国政府把教育放在优先发展的战略地位,提出了“科教兴国”的战略方针。在政府和人民的共同努力下,中国的教育取得了历史性的成就。

参考译文:

  1.第1句中的“分为三个阶段”实表被动的意义,故译为bedivided into...。

  2.第4句中的定语“从小学到初中的”较长,故将其处理成后置定语,用介词短语from primary school to junior highschool 来表达。

  3.第5句中的两个分句均比较长可考虑用并列结构译出:TheChinese government has placed strategic priorityon... and advanced the strategy...。但不如将后半句“提出了......的战略方针”处理成表伴随的状语,译作advancing the strategy...,使句子逻辑关系更为清晰。“提出”可译作put forward或advance。

  4.最后一句中的“在政府和人民的共同努力下”可用介词短语with the joint efforts of both thegovernment and the people来表达。翻译“中国的教育取得了历史性的成就”时,为了符合英语表达习惯,宜转化原宾语“历史性的成就”为主语,原主语“中国的教育”处理为状语,全句用被动语态译出,表达为historic achievements have been made in Chinese education。

  The Chinese educational system is divided into threestages: basic education, higher education and adulteducation. Basic education is comprised of pre-school education, primary school and secondaryschool. Higher education consists of vocationalschools, colleges and universities. In 1986, Chinabegan to implement the policy of nine-year compulsory education from primary school tojunior high school. The Chinese government has placed strategic priority on developingeducation, advancing the strategy of developing the nation by relying on the science andeducation. With the joint efforts of both the government and the people, historic achievementshave been made in Chinese education.

2016英语四级翻译话题优先储备:五行学说

话题材料:

  五行学说(the theory of five elements)是中国古代的一种物质观。五行包括金、木、水、火和土五种要素。五行学说强调整体概念,描绘了事物的结构关系和运动形式。五行学说认为宇宙万物都是基于这五种要素的运行和变化。这五个要素相互作用,不但影响到人的命运,同时也使宇宙万物循环不已。五行学说成熟干汉代 (the Han Dynasty),之后广泛应用于中医、建筑和武术(martial arts}等领域。

参考译文:

  1.第2句五行中的“金”指“金属”,而非“黄金”,故第2句中应译为metal,而非gold。

  2.第3句中的第2个分句“描绘了事物的结构关系和运动形式”可处理为状语,表伴随状态,用分词短语describing thestructural relationships and forms of movement ofmatters 来表达。

  3.第4句中的“五行学说认为”可译为the theory holdsthat...,亦可译为according to the theory,承前句,“五行学说”可简单转换表达为“该学说”(thetheory)。“宇宙万物”可译为the universe,强调整体,也可表达为 everything in the universe。

  4.第5句有三个分句,可把“这五个要素相互作用”处理成主干,“不但影响到……,同时也使宇宙万物……”处理为结果状语,用分词短语来表达,“不但……同时也”可用结构both... and...或... as well as...来表达,故整句译为 These five elements interact with each other, affecting...as well as making...。

  5.最后一句“五行学说成熟于汉代,之后广泛应用于……”可用并列结构译出:The theory got mature in theHan Dynasty and was widely employed...。翻译宾语“中医、建筑和武术等领域”时,先译出中心词fields,再用like或者such as来引出例子。

  The theory of five elements is a concept of matter inancient China. The five elements include metal, wood,water, fire, and earth. The theory of five elementsemphasizes on an overall concept, describing thestructural relationships and forms of movement ofmatters. The theory holds that everything in theuniverse is based on the movement and change of these five elements. These five elementsinteract with each other, affecting a person"s fate as well as making the universe move inendless cycles. The theory got mature in the Han Dynasty and was widely employed in thefields like traditional Chinese medicine, architecture, and martial arts.

2016英语四级翻译话题优先储备:木雕

话题材料:

  中国木雕(wood carving)有着悠久的历史,是中国传统艺术之一。人们认为现存最早的木雕大约是在三千年前的战国时期雕刻完成的。在中国,木雕主要分成三个类别:建筑雕刻、家具雕刻和艺术品雕刻。中国的木雕以其令人印象深刻的细致构造和主题之美受到了全世界的欣赏。今天,我们可以在私人画廊里看到传统木雕,也可以在长江两岸整个区域的宅邸装饰上看到它。

参考译文:

  Chinese wood carving is one of Chinese traditional arts with a time-honored history.The earliest existing wood carving is believed to be made during the Warring States Period about three thousand years ago.Wood carving in China constitutes three major categories: architecture carving, furniture carving and artworks carving.Chinese wood carving is appreciated worldwide for its impressively detailed structures and the beauty of its themes.Today,traditional wood carvings can be seen in private galleries and also on the decorations over residential areas on both sides of the Yangtze River.

  1.中国的木雕有着悠久的历史:“悠久的历史”可译为a longhistory,也可译为a time-honored history, time-honored意为“悠久的,老的”,如,“中华老字号”则为time-honored brand of China。

  2.人们认为现存最早的木雕大约是在三千年前的战国时期雕刻完成的:本句可以将“人们”一词省去不译,用theearliest existing wood carving作主语。谓语则是“被认为是”,可译为be believed to,这里的to是动词不定式的标志。“雕刻完成”即“被做好”,可译为be made。“在三千年前的战国时期”则译作状语, 即during theWarring States Period about three thousand years ago。

2016英语四级翻译话题优先储备:印章篆刻

话题材料:

  中国的印章篆刻(seal carving)始于古代,贯穿于整个秦朝。篆刻的印帝最初是作为皇帝的玉玺(imperial seal)来使用的。皇家的印章被称为玺(Xi)并且只能由皇室成员使用。秦朝之后,更多不同种类的印章出现了。它们作为个性化的印戳用于私人用途。这些非官方定制的印戳被称为印(Yin)。在唐朝,由于迷信(superstition),印章的名称被改称为宝,理由是玺的发音与另一个表示“死亡”意思的汉字类似。

参考译文:

  Chinese seal carving first appeared in ancient timesand was used throughout the Qin Dynasty. It wasinitially employed as an imperial seal named Xi.These imperial seal carvings were used only by theroyalty. Following this dynasty, more different kindsof seals appeared and were used by private folks as personalized stamps. These non-officialstamps were called Yin. During the Tang Dynasty, the seals was renamed Bao as a result ofsuperstition since the pronunciation of Xi is similar to that of another Chinese charactcr whichmeans death.

  1.篆刻的印幸最初是作为皇帝的玉玺(imperial seal)来使用的:该句可译为被动句,谓语是"最初是作为…使用”,其中“使用”可用employ来表示,属于正式用语,故可翻译为was initially employed as。

  2.由于迷信,印章的名称被改称为宝:“由于”可译为because of或as a rcsult of, 这两个短语后面都接名句或动名词。

2016英语四级翻译话题优先储备:黄梅戏

话题材料:

  黄梅戏(Huangmei Opera)源于湖北省黄梅县的采茶歌曲,连同京剧、越剧 (Yue Opera)、评剧(Ping Opera)和豫剧(Yu Opera)是中国的五大戏曲。它最初是以一种简单的载歌载舞的戏剧形式出现的。后来,随着饱受洪水灾害的灾民,黄梅戏传到了安徽省安庆市。它吸收了徽剧和当地歌舞的元素,发展到了今天的形式。黄梅戏以一种淸新的风格反映了普通居民的生活,受到了群众的喜爱。

参考译文:

  Huangmei Opera was originated from tea picking songs in Huangmei county, Hubei province.It is one of the Five Operas in China together with Beijing Opera, Yue Opera, Ping Opera and Yu Opera.It first appeared as a simple drama of song and dance. Later, it was spread to Anqing city, Anhui province by immigrating victims of floods. Absorbing elements of Anhui Opera and local songs and dances, Huangmei Opera was developed to the present form. It enjoys great popularity among the masses by reflecting the life of ordinary people in a fresh style.

  1.黄梅戏源于湖北省黄梅共的采茶歌曲,连同京剧、越剧、评剧和豫剧是中国的五大戏曲:后半句可以理解为“黄梅戏是中国五大戏曲之一”,即 Huangmei Opera is one ofthe Five Operas in China。再翻译句子的剩余部分连同京剧、越剧、评剧和豫剧”时,可将其着作是句子的状语,译为together with Beijing Opera, Yue Opera, Ping Operaand Yu Opera。

  2.它最初是以一种简单的载歌载舞的戏剧形式出现的:“简单的载歌载舞的戏剧形式”可译为a simple dramaof song and dance。

  3.后来,随着饱受洪水灾害的灾民,黄梅戏传到了安徽省安庆市:该句可译为被动句,其中主干则是it wasspread to...by immigrating victims of floods。

2016英语四级翻译话题优先储备:当代文学

话题材料:

  中华人民共和国成立后,文学开始繁荣。来自当时的苏联(Soviet Union)和西方国家的作品大大影响了中国文学。这一时期作品的主题包括革命历史和国家建设的新生活。最著名的作品是《红岩》(The Red Rock)和《茶馆》。1978年改革开放后,中国文学又迎来了一次新的繁荣,中外文化交流空前繁荣。今天,中国当代文学也越来越为各国人民所关注。

参考译文:

  After the founding of People"s Republic of China,literature began to boom.Works from Soviet Unionthen and western countries exerted a profoundinfluence on the Chinese literature.The themesexpressed in the works of this period coveredrevolution history as well as the new life of nation"s construction.The best known works areThe Red Rock and Teahouse.After the Reform and Opening up in 1978,Chinese literature won anew prosperity with sino-foreign cultural exchanges flourishing as never before.Today, Chinesecontemporary literature is drawing more and more attention of the people of the world.

  1.中华人民共和国成立后,文学开始繁荣:“成立”可译为found,如“创办学校” 可译为found a school。found与动词find(找到)的过去式和过去分词同形,但词义不同,使用时需要注意。此处译作名词形式founding。“开始繁荣”可译为began to boom。

  2.这一时期作品的主题包括革命历史和国家建设的新生活:这句话的主语可译为the themes expressed in the works of this period。谓语可译为 cover,意思是 “包括,涵盖”。宾语则是“革命历史和国家建设的新生活”,其中“革命历史” 译为revolution history。

  3.中国文学又迎来了一次新的繁荣,中外文化交流空前繁荣:“迎来”可译为won。“中外文化交流”可译为sino-foreign cultural exchanges。“频繁和深入”可以用 flourishing来表示。

2016英语四级翻译话题优先储备:中华老字号

话题材料:

  中华老字号(China centuries-old/time-honored brands)是指那些历史悠久并拥有良好信誉的中国企业。这些企业往往具有鲜明的中华民族传统文化特征,拥有高品质的产品、技艺或服务,取得广泛的社会认同。同仁堂(Tongrentang)和全聚德(Quanjude)均属北京的老字号。同仁堂创建于1669年,其药品以优良的传统工艺和显著的疗效享誉海内外。以北京烤鸭闻名的全聚德创建于1864年,是中国著名的饭店。

参考译文:

  China time-honored brands refer to the Chinesecompanies which have 汪 long history as well as agood reputation. With distinct characteristics oftraditional Chinese culture, they get extensivepublic recognition by offering good-qualityproducts, techniques or services. Both Tongrentangand Quanjude are the time-honored brands in Beijing. Tongrentang was founded in 1669,andits medical products have enjoyed a good reputation both at home and abroad for excellenttraditional manufacturing techniques and good effects. Founded in 1864 and well-known for itsBeying roast ducks, Quanjude is a famous restaurant in China.

  1.第1句中的定语“历史悠久并拥有良好信誉的”较长,故将其处理成定语从句Which have a long history as well as agood reputation,也可用介词短语 with a long historyand a good reputation 来表达。

  2.第2句“这些企业往往具有......,拥有......,取得......”有3个动词,仔细分析可发现,第1个动词短语表状态,第2个为方式,第3个为结果,故翻译时将第3个分句处理成主干,第1个为伴随状语,第2个为方式状语,这样既可以使句子各成分之间的逻辑关系更清晰,也更符合英文的表达习惯。

  3.倒数第2句“同仁堂创建于1669年,其药品......”可用并列结构译出:Tongrentang was founded in1669, and its medical products...。“以优良的传统工艺和显著的疗效”用介词短语for excellenttraditional manufacturing techniques and good effects 来表达。

  4.在最后一句中,将“是中国著名的饭店”处理成主干:Quanjude is a famous restaurant in China。将“以北京烤鸭闻名的全聚德创建于1864年”处理成两个并列的状语,“创建于1864年的”和“以北京烤鸭闻名的”, 按照时间逻辑关系,用分词短语译出 Founded in 1864 and well-known for its Beijing roast ducks。

2016英语四级翻译话题优先储备:竹文化

话题材料:

  中国因其国宝(national treasure)—熊猫—而闻名于世。熊猫的食物竹子—也深受中国人民的喜爱。中国是世界上拥有竹子最多的国家,被称为竹子的王国。竹文化长久以来深深根植于中国人的思想中。对中国人民来说,竹子是美德的象征。它反映了人的灵魂和情感。中国古代的学者对竹子非常敬重。这就解释了为什么历史上有那么多的著作和绘画都是以竹为主题的。

参考译文:

  China is worldwide famous for its national treasure, the pandas.The panda"s food, bamboo, is also favored by Chinese people.It is known as the Kingdom of Bamboo possessing more bamboos than any other country in the world. Bamboo culture has been rooted in Chinese people"s minds for a long time.To the Chinese people, bamboo is a symbol of virtue, which reflects people"s souls and emotions.Ancient Chinese scholars looked up with great respect to bamboo.This explains why there are so many writings and paintings dedicated to the plant throughout history.

  1.中国因其国宝—熊猫—而闻名于世:“因...而闻名于世”可译为be worldwide famous for,也可用be worldwideknown for来表示。类似的表达方式还有beknown/famous as(作为...而出名),be famous/knownto(对...来说很出名)。

  2.中国是世界上拥有竹子最多的国家,被称为竹子的王国:前半句可以理解为“中国有比世界上任何国家都多的竹子”。后半句的“被称为”可译为be known as。“竹子的王国”可译为the Kingdom of Bamboo。

  3.对中国人民来说,竹子是美德的象征:“象征”可译为symbol, a symbol of意为 “某物的象征”。

  4.中国古代的学者对竹子非常敬重:“中国古代的学者”可译为ancient Chinese scholars。“对...非常敬重”可译为look up with great respect to.", look up to表示“尊敬”,with great respect表示“满怀敬意”。

2016英语四级翻译话题优先储备:中国简介

话题材料:

  中国是世界四大文明古国(ancient civilization)之―。它位于亚洲东部、太平洋(the Pacific Ocean)西岸, 面积960万平方公里。中国人口约13亿,是世界上人口最多的国家,有56个民族(nationalities)。中国历史悠久,幅员辽阔,景色壮丽,自然资源丰富,文化璀璨。1949年,中华人民共和国成立。经过半个多世纪的发展,中国在政治、经济、科技、文化、教育等方面取得辉煌的成就,为世人瞩目。

参考译文:

  1.第2句中的“位于亚洲东部、太平洋西岸,面积960万平方公里”可译成并列结构,但译文会略显平淡,故将“位于亚洲东部、太平洋西岸”用过去分词短语located in...译出,作地点状语,使译文层次分明、结构丰富。

  2.第3句中的“人口最多”,英语的习惯搭配不是用the mostpopulation而是the largest population。“中国人口约13亿,是世界上人口最多的国家”中有2个“人口”,英译时,为了避免重复,可进行省译,将“是世界上人口最多的国家”处理为前面population的同位语:the largest inthe world,对population进行补充说明。

  3.第4句中的“中国历史悠久……”不宜直译为the history of China is long,而应转换为“中国拥有‘悠久的历史’(China boasts a long history)”。此处的“拥有”用boast来表达,表达“自豪地拥有”之义。

  4.最后—句中的“为世人瞩目”表结果,故将其处理成状语,用现在分词短语来表达,可有多种译法,如attracting the attention from the world, holding the world’s attention, fixing the world"sattention 等。

  China is one of the world"s four major ancientcivilizations. Located in the eastern part of Asia andthe west bank of the Pacific Ocean, it covers an areaof 9.6 million square kilometers. China has apopulation of about 1.3 billion, the largest in theworld, made up by 66 nationalities. China boasts along history, vast territory, magnificent scenery, rich natural resources and splendid culture.The People"s Republic of China was founded in 1949. With more than half a century"sdevelopment, China has made great achievements in politics, economy, science and technology,culture, education and many other fields, attracting the attention from the world.

2016英语四级翻译话题优先储备:指南针

话题材料:

  中国是世界上公认发明指南针的国家。早在2400多年前,中国人就创造出世界上最早的指南针。后来经过不断改进,到宋朝(the Song Dynasty)人们制造出铁针指南针并应用于航海。中国是第一个在海船上使用指南针的国家。指南针为明代(the Ming Dynasty)郑和下西洋提供了条件。后来指南针传入欧洲,推动了欧洲航海事业的发展为,哥伦布(Columbus)的航行提供了技术保证。

参考译文:

  1.第1句中的“发明指南针的”可处理成后置定语,用现在分词短语having invented the compass来表达,也可用定语从句which has invented...来表达。

  2.翻译第3句中的“后来经过不断改进”时,宜加上主语“指南针”,而由于前一句的靠后部分已出现过 compass,故这里可用it来作主语。“到宋朝人们制造出铁针指南针并应用于航海”可用并列结构为 people produced... and applied it in...。“铁针指南针”可表达为 compass with iron needles。

  3.第4句中的“在海船上使用指南针的”较长,宜将其处理成后置定语,用现在分词短语using the compass来表达,其中“在海船上”为状语,译作on sea-going ships,按照英语表达习惯,置于句末。

  4.最后一句中有3个动作,“指南针传人……,推动了……,……提供了……”,仔细分析可发现,“推动了”和 “提供了”是结果,故将“指南针传人……”作句子主干,“推动了……,提供了……”用现在分词短语来表达, 作结果状语,译作 the compass spread into Eurpe, promoting... and guaranteeing...。

  China is universally recognized as the country having invented the compass. As early as 2,400 years ago, Chinese people created the earliest compass in the world. Later it was further improved continuously. During the Song Dynasty, people produced the compass with iron needles and applied it in navigation. China is the first country using the compass on seagoing ships. The compass provided aid for Zheng He"s voyages to the Western Ocean in the Ming Dynasty. Later the compass spread into Europe, promoting the development of the European marine industey and guaranteeing technical support for Columbus" navigation.

2016英语四级翻译话题优先储备:中国画

话题材料:

  国画是中国文化遗产的重要组成部分。不同于西方画,它是用毛笔(Chinese brush)和墨汁在宣纸(xuan paper)上作画的。精通这门艺术需要不断重复的练习, 需要控制好毛笔,需要对宣纸和墨汁有一定的认识。绘画前,画家必须在脑海里有一个草图并根据他的想象力和经验进行绘画。许多中国画家既是诗人,又是书法家。他们经常会在自己的画上亲手添加诗作。

参考译文:

  Chinese painting is an important part of thecountry"s cultural heritage. It distinguishes itselffrom Western painting in that it is drawn on xuanpaper with the Chinese brush and Chinese ink. Toattain proficiency in this art, it is necessary to havea good control of the brush, and certain knowledge of xuan paper and Chinese ink besidesrepeated exercises.Before painting, the painter must have a draft in his mind and drawaccording to his imagination and experience.Many a Chinese painter is at the same time a poetand calligrapher who often adds a poem with his own hand on the painting.

  1.不同于西方画,它是用毛笔和墨汁在宣纸上作画的:“不同于”可译为distinguish oneself from sth.,也可用bedifferent from 表示。“毛笔和墨汁”可译为the Chinesebrush and Chinese ink,此处可同用一个冠词表示整体;“用”可用介词with,表示方式。

  2.精通这门艺术需要不断重复的练习,需要控制好毛笔,需要对宣纸和墨汁有一定的认识:“精通这门艺术”可译为toattain proficiency in this art,attain意为“获得、获取”,proficiency意为“精通、熟练”。“需要控制好毛笔,需要对宣纸和墨汁有一定的认识”,该句可理解为“控制好毛笔和认识宣纸、墨汁也是必要的”。

2016英语四级翻译话题优先储备:中国房地产

话题材料:

  过去十年中国房地产(real estate)行业高速发展。但是,对很多人来说,买房却不是一件容易的事情。高昂的房价甚至使一些年轻情侣推迟了结婚的计划。鉴于此种情况,近年来政府采取了一系列的措施来抑制房价过快增长,包括整顿和规范房地产市场、提高房贷利率(mortgage rate)、增设房产税(property tax)。目前,这些措施在部分城市取得了初步成效。

参考译文:

  1.第1句可直译为 For the past decade, China"s realestate developed rapidly,但如果以时间“过去十年”作为句子主语,套用句型time + see/witness + sth.则表达更加生动形象。此时see/witness表“经历,以……为特点”之义。本句可译为The past decade has witnessed...。

  2.第2句中的“买房却不是一件容易的事情”可译为buying ahouse is not an easy thing,但套用 it is + a. + to dosth.句型来翻译“做某事是怎么样的”会更符合英文的表达习惯,故该句宜译作it is quite difficult for manypeople to buy a house。

  3.在第4句中,“鉴于此种情况”既可直译为In view of the situation,也可译为Given this situation,或是根据上下文转译为For this reason。“来抑制房价球快增长目的,故用不定式短语作状语,译作to preventthe housing price from rising too fast;“包括整顿......”起补充说明的作用,可译为 includingregulating...。

  4.在翻译最后一句时,应转换主语为“初步成效”,用被动语态译出更符合英文表达习惯,译作preliminaryeffects have been achieved...。状语“在部分城市”表达为in some cities,置于句末。

  The past decade has witnessed a high-speeddevelopment in China"s real estate. But it is quite formany people to buy a house. The high housing priceeven makes some young couples their plan formarriage. In view of the situation, the governmenthas adopted a series of measures in recent years toprevent the housing price from rising too fast, including regulating and the real estate market,raising mortgage rates, and introducing property tax. At present, preliminary effects havebeen achieved in some cities.

2016英语四级翻译话题优先储备:保健品

话题材料:

  随着生活水平的提高,保健品(health care products)日益受到中国人的喜爱。人们花费大量金钱来购买能量饮料、维生素药片和美容饮品。这些保健品宣称含有抗氧化物(antioxidants),能使人增强体质、延缓衰老。 然而,最近有研究表明抗氧化物可能只是一个医学童话。几乎没有什么数据可以证明抗氧化物可以预防疾病。 专家认为,要打抗氧化作用(oxidative stress),就要多运动,多吃水果和蔬菜。

参考译文:

  1.第1句中,“随着生活水平的提高”是状语,可语为状语从句as the living standards improve,也可译为介词短语with the improvement of the living standards;“保健品H益受到中国人的喜爱”是句中的主体,翻译时,可沿用汉语句中的表达结构,译为health care products become increasingly popular with Chinese people,也可将主语转换为中国人(Chinese people),将保健品转换为宾语,译为Chinese people tend to welcome health care products。

  2.第2句中的谓宾结构“花费大量金钱来购买……”可套用英讲常用表达spend time/money (in) doing sth.,译为spend quite a large sum of money (in) buying。

  3.第3句“这些保健品宜称古有抗氧化物,能使人......”中包含3个动词,如果逐字对译为These health care products claim that they contain... and make people...则稍显生硬。分析该句可知,“能使人增强体质、延缓衰老”说的是抗氧化物(antioxidante)的作用,故在翻译时,可将其转译成抗氧化物的定语从句。

  4.第5句的前半部分的“几乎没有什么数椐”可处理成There be结构,“几乎没有”用little表达;可以证明抗氧化物可以预防疾病”是补充说明“数椐”的情况,可用分词短语supporting...表达,其中的“抗氧化物可以......”说的是抗氧化物的作用,译作名词短语the use of antioxidants to...简洁明了,“可以预防疾病”表目的,用不定式短语to protect against diseases 来表达。

  Chinese people tend to welcome health careproducts as the living standards improve. Theywould spend quite a large sum of money buyingenergy drinks, vitamin pills and beauty drinks. Thesehealth care products claim that they contain theantioxidants which could build bodies and slow aging.However, recent studies show that antioxidants may be just a medical fairy tale. There is littledata supporting the use of antioxidants to protect against diseases. Experts say that to fightoxidative stress, people need to do more exercise and eat more fruits and vegetables.

2016英语四级翻译话题优先储备:九寨沟

话题材料:

  据说如果地球上真有人间仙境,九寨沟(Jiuzhaigou Valley)—定是其中之一。它有梦境般的风景:蓝色的湖泊、瀑布、翠绿的森林、白雪皑皑的山脉,还有藏族和羌族人民(theTibetan and Qiang peoples)的民间习俗。九寨沟不仅仅有壮观的景色,还是九个藏族村寨的居住地,还有超过220种鸟类以及许多濒临灭绝的动植物物种。它在1992年被联合国教科文组织宣布为世界文化遗产。九寨沟一年四季的美景使它成为中国最著名的景点之一。

参考译文:

  It is said that if there should be wonderlands on theearth, Jiuzhaigou Valley must be one of them. It hasdreamlike scenery, which combines bluelakes,waterfalls, verdant forests, snow-coveredmountains, and the folk customs of the Tibetan andQiang peoples. More than just spectacular scenery, Jiuzhaigou Valley is home to nine Tibetanvillages, over 220 bird species as well as a number of endangered plant and animal species.Jiuzhaigou Valley was declared a UNESCO World Cultural Heritage Site in 1992. It providesspectacular scenery throughout four seasons of the year, making it one of China"s most well-known scenic sites.

  1.据说如果地球上真有人间仙境,九寨沟一定是其中之一:该句前半句的“如果…”可判断出它表示与现在的事实相反,所以要用现在时的虚拟语气,即should+do的形式。其中“人间仙境”可译为wonderlands on the earth。

  2.九寨沟不仅仅有壮观的景色,还是九个藏族村寨的居住地,还有超过220种鸟类以及许多濒临灭绝的动植物物种:其中“不仅仅有”可译为more than,是“超过,多于”的意思。“…的居住地”可以理解为“是…的故乡”,故可用be home to…表示,这是英语中常见的表达方式,如:China is home to the panda.(中国是熊猫的故乡。)

  3.九寨沟一年四季的美景使它成为中国最著名的景点之一:“一年四季的美景”可以翻译为所有格的形式,但译为it provides spectacular scenery throughout four seasons of the year,会使译文增色不少。后半句部分因前半句出现了谓语动词provide,所以可用making it…来引导后半句,作句子的伴随状语。

2016英语四级翻译话题优先储备:兵马俑

话题材料:

  兵马俑(the Terracotta Army)由于它的历史意义和独特性而成为中国最知名的景点之一。秦始皇于公元前221年统一中国。他下令建造了这个军队的模型。兵马俑意义非常,因为数以百计精美的真人大小的模型代表了当时横扫中国所有其他军队的庞大军队。这个军队是统一的中国能够形成的决定性因素。兵马俑的陶俑(terracotta statues)是用来为秦始皇殉葬的,以彰显他的荣耀。

参考译文:

  The Terracotta Army is one of the most famousattractions in China because of its historicalsignificance and uniqueness.First Emperor of Qinunified China in 221 B.C.He ordered the creation ofthis model army.It is very significant becausehundreds of fine life-size models represent the army that triumphed over all other Chinesearmies at that time.The army was the decisive factor in forming a united China.The army ofterracotta statues was made to be buried with the First Emperor of Qin as a show of his glory.

  1.兵马俑由于它的历史意义和独特性而成为中国最知名的景点之一:“由于”后面跟的是词组,因此可译为because of,如果后面是完整的句子则用because。“最知名的景点”可译为the most famous attractions。

  2.这个军队是统一的中国能够形成的决定性因素:“决定性因素”可译为decisive factor, decisive意为“决定性的”,与动词decide为同源词,factor意为“因素”。“统一的中国”可译为a united China。

  3.兵马俑的陶俑是用来为秦始皇殉葬的,以彰显他的荣耀:该句要首先找准主语和谓语;主语是“兵马俑的陶俑”,可译为the army of terracotta statues。谓语 “是用来”,可译为was made to。其他部分则作表语和状语,“彰显他的荣耀”可译为as a show of his glory,“为...殉葬”可译为be buried with …。

2016英语四级翻译话题优先储备:元青花瓷

话题材料:

  元代(the Yuan Dynasty)是中国瓷器(porcelain)发展史上—个重要的时期。基于先前朝代的烧制技术景德镇成功地制作出青花瓷(the blue and white porcelain)。元青花瓷富丽雄浑,其风格与传统的瓷器大相径庭。元青花瓷的出现也使景德镇成为当时世界制瓷业的中心。元青花瓷制作精美而且传世极少,因此异常珍贵。青花瓷的制作在明清两朝(the Mingand Qing Dynasties)得到进一步发展,其中的精品是许多收藏家的终极目标。

参考译文:

  1.第2句中的前半句“基于......”可处理为状语,译为Basedon the firing techniques of former dynasties;后半句“景德镇成功地......”若逐字对译为Jingdezhen hadsuccessfully manufactured...则不符合英语表达习惯,“青花瓷”是此段落的主题,宜把“青花瓷”转换为主语,用被动语态强调受动者,译为the blue and white porcelains hadbeen successfully manufactured in Jingdezhen。

  2.第3句中的“其”指代的是前面提到的“元青花瓷”,翻译时可将逗号后的“其风格与……大相径庭”处理成非限制性定语从句whose styles are quite different from...,使句子主次分明。

  3.第4句中的“使景德镇成为当时世界制瓷业的中心”可用made sb./sth. ...(使某人/某物成为……)的结构来表达,译为 made Jingdezhen the center of porcelain industry...。

  4.倒数第2句的前半句为因,后半句为果,若直译,句子会稍显头重脚轻;此处可把果(即“元青花瓷异常珍贵”)处理成主干,即 the blue and white porcelains of the Yuan Dynasty are  extremelyprecious,而把因处理成状语,用表被动的分词短语来表达,即finely made and rarely handed down。

  5.最后一句的两个分句之间意思联系不太紧密,可考虑拆译成两个独立的句子,处理为The blue and whiteporcelains were further developed in... Some fine works are... for collectors。

  The Yuan Dynasty is a key period in the developmentof Chinese porcelain industry. Based on the firingtechniques of former dynasties, the blue and whiteporcelains had been successfully manufactured inJingdezhen. The blue and white porcelains of theYuan Dynasty are grand and splendid, whose stylesare quite different from those of the traditional porcelains. The rising of blue and whiteporcelain in the Yuan Dynasty also made Jingdezhen the center of porcelain industry in theworld at that time. Finely made and rarely handed down, the blue and white porcelains of theYuan Dynasty are extremely precious. The blue and white porcelains were further developed inthe Ming and Qing Dynasties. Some fine works are the dream targets for collectors。

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