[2016年12月大学英语四级考试真题]大学英语四级真题部分阅读答案及解析

2010年6月大学英语四级真题Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage When we think of green building[db:cate]

2010年6月大学英语四级真题

Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.

When we think of green buildings, we tend to think of new ones – the kind of high-tech, solar-paneled masterpieces that make the covers of architecture magazines. But the U.S. has more than 100 million existing homes, and it would be 47. G） incredibly wasteful to tear them all down and 48. K） replace them with greener versions. An enormous amount of energy and resources went into the construction of those houses. And it would take an average of 65 years for the 49. J） reduced carbon emissions from a new energy-efficient home to make up for the resources lost by destroying an old one. So in the broadest 50. L） sense, the greenest home is the one that has already been built. But at the same time, nearly half of U. S. carbon emissions come from heating, cooling and 51. H） powering our homes, offices and other buildings. "You can"t deal with climate change without dealing with existing buildings," says Richard Moe, the president of the National Trust.

With some 52. D） exceptions, the oldest homes tend to be the least energy-efficient. Houses built before 1939 use about 50% more energy per square foot than those built after 2000, mainly due to the tiny cracks and gaps that 53. E） expand over time and let in more outside air.

Fortunately, there are a 54. O） vast number of relatively simple changes that can green older homes, from 55. F） historic ones like Lincoln"s Cottage to your own postwar home. And efficiency upgrades (升级) can save more than just the earth; they can help 56. I） protect property owners from rising power costs.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

A) accommodations

B) clumsy

C) doubtful

D) exceptions

E) expand

F) historic

G) incredibly

H) powering

I) protect

J) reduced

K) replace

L) sense

M) shifted

N) supplying

O) vast

2011年6月大学英语四级真题

Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.

The popular notion that older people need less sleep than younger adults is a myth, scientists said yesterday.

While elderly people 47 N） tend to sleep for fewer hours than they did when they were younger, this has a(n) 48 L） negative effect on their brain"s performance and they would benefit from getting more, according to research.

Sean Drummond, a. psychiatrist (心理医生) at the University of California, San Diego, said older people are more likely to suffer from broken sleep, while younger people are better at sleeping 49 H） efficiently straight through the night.

More sleep in old age, however, is 50 B） associated with better health, and most older people would feel better and more 51 A） alert if they slept for longer periods, he said.

“The ability to sleep in one chunk (整块时间) overnight goes down as we age but the amount of sleep we need to 52 J） function well does not change,” Dr Drummond told the American Association for the Advancement of Science conference in San Diego.

“It"s 53 F） definitely a myth that older people need less sleep. The more healthy an older adult is, the more they sleep like they did when they were 54 O） younger. Our data suggests that older adults would benefit from 55 E） continuing to get as much sleep as they did in their 30s. That"s 56 G） different from person to person, but the amount of sleep we had at 35 is probably the same amount as we need at 75.”

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

A) alert I) formally

B) associated J) function

C) attracting K) mixed

D) cling L) negative

E) continuing M) sufficient

F) definitely N) tend

G) different O) younger

47. tend to 固定搭配；表示“倾向于；”符合句意；

48. 空格后是effect，前面是a(n)，由此可见，该处需要填入一个形容词；题目给出的形容词有negative, sufficient, younger；根据前后语意，填入negative最为恰当，表示“少的睡眠时间对大脑的活动有负面的影响。”

49. 根据推测，该处应该填入一个副词，题目给出的副词有efficiently, definitely, formally；前面提到，老年人在睡觉的时候更容易被打断，而后面用while提出一个对比的概念，年轻人相比起来能获得更_______ 的睡眠；综合起来，选用efficiently（最有效率的）最为准确。

50. be associated with 固定搭配；表示“与…联系在一起”；本句话表示“更多的睡眠通常都与健康度联系在一起”；

51. 先看整句话的含义，“如果他们能睡更长的时间，他们的感觉应该会更好以及…”那么，该处应该填入一个褒义词，选择alert比较恰当，表示“更加警觉，机灵”；

52. 根据判断，此处应该填入一个动词，剩下的动词有cling, function；整句话的意思是“当我们上了年纪的时候，我们一觉睡到天亮的能力下降了，但是，我们需要…的睡眠量并没有改变；”空格后的单词是well， cling 在这里并不合适，一般与to连用；选用function 最为适合；

53. 作者在首段已经提出这个观点是一个myth，那么显而易见最后一段中出现的myth是作为一种强调手段，应填入definitely；

54. 空格的前面是 when they were…， “当他们年轻的时候”；应填入younger；

55. 本句的意思是“我们的数据显示老年人将从…获益；”空格的后面是“得到和他们在三十多岁的时候能得到的睡眠一样多”；根据上下文意思，该处应填入“continuing”；

56. different from 固定搭配；表示“和…不同”；

2010年12月大学英语四级真题

Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.

What determines the kind of person you are? What factors make you more or less bold, intelligent, or able to read a map? All of these are influenced by the interaction of your genes and the environment in which you were 47. M) raised . The study of how genes and environment interact to influence 48. L) psychological activity is known as behavioral genetics. Behavioral genetics has made important 49. E) contributions to the biological revolution, providing information about the extent to which biology influences mind, brain and behavior.

Any research that suggests that 50. A) abilities to perform certain behaviors are based in biology is controversial. Who wants to be told that there are limitations to what you can 51. B) achieve based on something that is beyond your control, such as your genes? It is easy to accept that genes control physical characteristics such as sex, race and eye color. But can genes also determine whether people will get divorced, how 52. N) smart they are, or what career they are likely to choose? A concern of psychological scientists is the 53. I) extent to which all of these characteristics are influenced by nature and nurture(养育), by genetic makeup and the environment. Increasingly, science 54. J) indicates that genes lay the groundwork for many human traits. From this perspective, people are born 55. G) essentially like undeveloped photographs: The image is already captured, but the way it 56. H) eventually appears can vary based on the development process. However, the basic picture is there from the beginning.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

[A] abilities [I] extent

[B] achieve [J] indicates

[C] appeal [K] proceeds

[D] complaints [L] psychological

[E] contributions [M] raised

[F] displayed [N] smart

[G] essentially [O] standard

[H] eventually

　　47. raise在这里的意思是“养育”，the environment in which you were raised 意思是“你成长的环境”。

　　48. "psychological activity"意思是“心理活动”，全句意思是“研究基因和外部环境如何相互作用影响人心理活动的学科被称为行为遗传学”。

　　49. “make contributions to”为固定搭配，意为“为……做贡献”。

　　50. “ability to …”意思是“做某事的能力”，在此处，全句意思是“任何一篇宣称人类做出某种行为的能力是基于生物学的研究都是有争议的”。

　　51. "limitations to what you can achieve"意思是“对你所能达到的水平的限制”。

　　52. 此处需填一个形容词，而且用来形容人，根据题意，smart符合题意，表示“机灵，可爱”。

　　53. 此处填extent，主要是因为后面有to，“to the extent …”译为“……的程度”。

　　54. indicate 意思是“表明，显示”。全句意为“越来越多的科学(现象)表明基因对人类很多特征有基础作用”。

　　55. essentially 的意思是“实际上，本质上”。全句意为“从这个角度来讲，人一出生，本质上就像是还没洗出来的照片：相已经照了，但是最终会呈现多少就在于显影的过程了”。

　　56. eventually 副词，意思是“最终，最后”。

2011年12月大学英语四级真题

Passage One

Boys" schools are the perfect place to teach young men to express their emotions and are more likely to get involved in activities such as art, dance and music, according to research released today.

Far from the traditional image of a culture of aggressive masculinity in which students either sink or swim, the absence of girls gives boys the chance to develop without pressure to conform to a stereotype, the US study says.

Boys at single sex schools were said to be more likely to get involved in cultural and artistic activities that helped develop their emotional expressiveness, rather than feeling they had to conform to the "boy code" of hiding their emotions to be a "real man".

The findings of the study go against received wisdom that boys do better when taught alongside girls.

Tony Little, headmaster of Eton, warned that boys were being failed by the British education system because it had become too focused on girls. He criticized teachers for failing to recognize that boys are actually more emotional than girls.

The research argued that boys often perform badly in mixed schools because they become discouraged when their female peers do better earlier in speaking and reading skills.

But in single-sex schools teachers can tailor lessons to boys" learning style, letting them move around the classroom and getting them to compete in teams to prevent boredom, wrote the study"s author, Abigail James, of the University of Virginia.

Teachers could encourage boys to enjoy reading and writing with specifically "boy-focused" approaches such as themes and characters that appeal to them. Because boys generally have more acute vision, learn best through touch, and are physically more active, they need to be given "hands-on" lessons where they are allowed to walk around. "Boys in mixed schools view classical music as feminine and prefer the modern genre in which violence and sexism are major themes," James wrote.

Single-sex education also made it less likely that boys would feel they had to conform to a stereotype that men should be "masterful and in charge" in relationships. "In mixed schools, boys feel compelled to act like men before they understand themselves well enough to know what that means," the study reported.

57. The author believes that a single-sex school would _____________________.

A force boys to hide their emotions to be “real man”

B help to cultivate masculine aggressiveness in boys

C encourage boys to express their emotions more freely

D naturally reinforce in boys that traditional image of a man

58. It is commonly believed that in a mixed schools boys ____________________.

A perform relatively better B grow up more healthily

C behave more responsibly D receive a better education

59. What does Tony Little say about the British education system?

A It fails more boys than girls academically B It focuses more on mixed school education

C It fails to give boys the attention they need

D It places more pressure on boys than on girls

60. According to Abigail James, one of the advantages of single-sex schools is ______________.

A teaching can be tailored to suit the characteristics of boys

B boys can focus on their lessons without being distracted

C boys can choose to learn whatever they are interested in

D teaching can be designed to promote boys’ team spirit

61. Which of the following is characteristic of boys according to Abigail James’ report?

A They enjoy being in charge B They conform to stereotypes

C They have sharper vision D They are violent and sexist

Section B

Passage One

57, C encourage boys to express their emotions freely

58, A perform relatively better

59, C It fails to give boys the attention they need

60, A teaching can be tailored to suit the characteristics of boys

61, C They have sharper vision

【解析】这篇文章针对传统的男女生一起上学，一起接受教育提出了质疑。作者从文章一开头就表明了自己的看法：对于男生而言，单性教育，即男生们一起上学会对男生的身心发展更为有利。文中出现一个短语，received wisdom，即是“人们普遍的看法，公认的看法”。也是作者所批判的一种观点。传统观点认为，男生和女生混合教育会对男生发展更有利。

但是作者认为单性教育对男生有以下几个好处：可以让男生们更自由地表达自己的情感，可以学习自己感兴趣的艺术，舞蹈，音乐等学科。不用去遵守人们在传统印象中对男生的期盼。而且单性教育可以针对男生的身心发展特点而制定学习计划。

并且作者觉得，目前英国教育把女生当做关注重点，忽视了对男生的重视。

2011年12月大学英语四级真题

Passage Two

It"s an annual argument. Do we or do we not go on holiday? My partner says no because the boiler could go, or the roof fall off, and we have no savings to save us. I say that you only live once and we work hard and what"s the point if you can"t go on holiday. The joy of a recession means no argument next year – we just won"t go.

Since money is known to be one of the things most likely to bring a relationship to its knees, we should be grateful. For many families the recession means more than not booking a holiday. A YouGov poll of 2,000 people found 22% said they were arguing more with their partners because of concerns about money. What"s less clear is whether divorce and separation rates rise in a recession – financial pressures mean couples argue more but make splitting up less affordable. A recent research shows arguments about money were especially damaging to couples. Disputes were characterized by intense verbal aggression, tended to be repeated and not resolved, and made men, more than women, extremely angry.

Kim Stephenson, an occupational psychologist, believes money is such a big deal because of what it symbolizes, which may be different things to men and women. "People can say the same things about money but have different conceptions of what it is for," he explains. "They will say it"s to save, to spend, for security, for freedom, to show someone you love them" He says men are more likely to see money as a way of buying status and of showing their parents that they"ve achieved something.

"The biggest problem is that couples assume each other knows what is going on with their finances, but they don"t. There seems to be more of a taboo about talking about money than talking about death. But you both need to know what you are doing, who is paying what into the joint account and how much you keep separately. In a healthy relationship you don"t have to agree about money, but you have to talk about it."

62. What does the author say about vacationing?

A People enjoy it all the more during a recession

B Few people can afford it without working hard

C It makes all the hard work worthwhile

D It is the chief cause of family disputes

63. What does the author mean by saying “money is known… to bring a relationship to its knees” (Line1 Para. 2)？

A Money is considered to be the root of all evils

B Some people sacrifice their dignity for money

C Few people can resist the temptation of money

D Disputes over money may ruin a relationship

64. The YouGov poll of 2000 people indicates that in a recession _________________.

A conflicts between couples tend to rise

B it is more expensive for couples to split up

C couples show more concern for each other

D divorce and separation rates increase

65. What does Kim Stephenson believe?

A Money is often a symbol of a person’s status

B Money means a great deal to both men and women

C Men and women spend money on different things

D Men and women view money in different ways

66. The author suggests at the end of the passage that couples should ________________

A put their money together instead of keeping it separately

B make efforts to reach agreement on their family budgets

C discuss money matters to maintain a healthy relationship

D avoid arguing about money matters to remain romantic

Passage Two

62. C . It makes all the hard work worthwhile.

63. D. Disputes over money may ruin a relationship.

64. A. conflicts between couples tend to rise

65. D. men and women view money in different ways.

66. C. discuss money matters to maintain a healthy relationship.

【解析】这是一篇关于金钱对夫妻关系的影响的文章。文中第一段主要通过度假这件事来体现不同人对待金钱的不同态度。作者认为人只能活一次，如果不能去度假的话，那么工作再努力也没有意义。第二段主要谈到了大萧条时期，不太良好的经济状况常常会影响夫妻关系，可能会导致争吵，甚至会导致离婚或者分居的成本增加，对夫妻感情造成伤害。第三段讲了Kim Stephenson，一个心理学家的观点，即男人和女人对待金钱的态度是不一样的，男人把金钱看作是得到社会地位的途径，看作向父母展现自己成功的一种方式。第四段，作者建议夫妻可以对金钱持有不同的观点，但是不可以对它采取回避的态度，避而不谈。

相对来说，这篇文章的难度比较大。文章看懂并不难，但是题目中，推理题和大意题比较多，需要在充分理解作者意图，了解文章主旨的基础上，才能选出正确答案。

2011年6月大学英语四级真题

Passage Two

Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.

Global warming is causing more than 300,000 deaths and about $125 billion in economic losses each year, according to a report by the Global Humanitarian Forum, an organization led by Annan, the former United Nations secretary general.

The report, to be released Friday, analyzed data and existing studies of health, disaster, population and economic trends. It found that human-influenced climate change was raising the global death rates from illnesses including malnutrition (营养不良) and heat-related health problems.

But even before its release, the report drew criticism from some experts on climate and risk, who questioned its methods and conclusions.

Along with the deaths, the report said that the lives of 325 million people, primarily in poor countries, were being seriously affected by climate change. It projected that the number would double by 2030.

Roger Pielke Jr., a political scientist at the University of Colorado, Boulder, who studies disaster trends, said the Forum"s report was "a methodological embarrassment" because there was no way to distinguish deaths or economic losses related to human-driven global warming amid the much larger losses resulting from the growth in populations and economic development in vulnerable (易受伤害的) regions. Dr. Pielke said that “climate change is an important problem requiring our utmost attention.” But the report, he said, "will harm the cause for action on both climate change and disasters because it is so deeply flawed (有瑕疵的)."

However, Soren Andreasen, a social scientist at Dalberg Global Development Partners who supervised the writing of the report, defended it, saying that it was clear that the numbers were rough estimates. He said the report was aimed at world leaders, who will meet in Copenhagen in December to negotiate a new international climate treaty.

In a press release describing the report, Mr. Annan stressed the need for the negotiations to focus on increasing the flow of money from rich to poor regions to help reduce their vulnerability to climate hazards while still curbing the emissions of the heat-trapping gases. More than 90% of the human and economic losses from climate change are occurring in poor countries, according to the report.

62. What is the finding of the Global Humanitarian Forum?

A) Global temperatures affect the rate of economic development.

B) Rates of death from illnesses have risen due to global warming.

C) Malnutrition has caused serious health problems in poor countries.

D) Economic trends have to do with population and natural disasters.

63. What do we learn about the Forum"s report from the passage?

A) It was challenged by some climate and risk experts.

B) It aroused a lot of interest in the scientific circles.

C) It was warmly received by environmentalists.

D) It caused a big stir in developing countries.

64. What does Dr. Pielke say about the Forum"s report?

A) Its statistics look embarrassing. C) It deserves our closest attention.

B) It is invalid in terms of methodology. D) Its conclusion is purposely exaggerated.

65. What is Soren Andreasen"s view of the report?

A) Its conclusions are based on carefully collected data.

B) It is vulnerable to criticism if the statistics are closely examined.

C) It will give rise to heated discussions at the Copenhagen conference.

D) Its rough estimates are meant to draw the attention of world leaders.

66. What does Kofi Annan say should be the focus of the Copenhagen conference?

A) How rich and poor regions can share responsibility in curbing global warming.

B) How human and economic losses from climate change can be reduced.

C) How emissions of heat-trapping gases can be reduced on a global scale.

D) How rich countries can better help poor regions reduce climate hazards.

Passage Two

本篇文章主要是围绕一份来自Global Humanitarian Forum的报告展开的，在解题之前，通过对5个题干的浏览，以及在原文中的定位，可以发现，这篇文章是严格按照顺序原则来出题的。每一个题干中都有大写的字母，这些首字母大写的单词既是关键词，也是定位词，可以有效地帮助我们到原文中准确定位，节省答题时间。

62. What is the finding of the Global Humanitarian Forum?

答案：B. Rates of death from illnesses have risen due to global warming.

关键词：Global Humanitarian Forum

定位：第一段、第二段

解析：一般而言，四级的阅读题目大致遵循顺序原则，此篇文章正好是遵循此规律的。在文章的第一段，第一行，我们看到“… 300,000 deaths and about $ 125 billion …”,根据这里，我们可以把答案锁定在选项A（economic）和选项B (Rates of death)，然后我们接着往下看，可以发现，第二段就没有再提到金钱方面了，而都是在讲死亡和疾病的话题，如第二段的第三行“… death rates from illnesses … ”。所以，最后正确的选项是B。

63. What do we learn about the Forum"s report from the passage?

答案：A. It was challenged by some climate and risk experts

关键词：learn 、Forum"s report

定位：第三段

解析：根据顺序原则，我们在接下来的第三段里就找到了63题的答案。第三段的第一行就讲到“the report drew criticism from some experts on climate and risk”，这和A选项是完全相一致的，challenged是criticism的同义替换。B选项中的“interest”表示“兴趣”，主要用于好的事物，这里讲的都是对the Forum"s repor的批评，显然就不合适了。C选项表达的意思跟原文正好相反，这个是肯定要排除的。然后，有的同学可能会选到D选项，可能是受到文中第四段“… primarily in poor countries ,were being seriously effected …”这句话的影响。但是D选项中“a big stir”“一阵巨大的骚乱”文中是完全没有提到的。

64. What does Dr. Pielke say about the Forum"s report?

答案：B. It is invalid in terms of methodology.

关键词：Dr. Pielke、say

定位：第五段

解析：在第五段，我们可以很快找到Pielke，然后找到他说的话，第二行“the Forum"s report was ‘a methodological embarrassment"”,然后在第六行“but the report, he said‘will harm the … it is so deeply flawed"”。根据这两句话，选项中invalid 是flawed的同义替换，我们可以很容易地选到B。