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Passage 11
Most people would agree that, although our age exceeds all previous ages in knowledge, there has been no corresponding increase in wisdom. But agreement ceases as soon as we attempt to define “wisdom” and consider means of promoting it.
There are several factors that contribute to wisdom. Of these I should put first a sense of proportion: the capacity to take account of all the important factors in a problem and to attach to each its due weight. This has become more difficult than it used to be owing to the extent and complexity of the special knowledge required of various kinds of technicians. Suppose, for example, that you are engaged in research in scientific medicine. The work is difficult and is likely to absorb the whole of your mind. You have no time to consider the effect which your discoveries or inventions may have outside the field of medicine. You succeed (let us say) as modern medicine has succeeded, in enormously lowering the infant death-rate, not only in Europe and America, but also in Asia and Africa. This has the entirely unintended result of making the food supply inadequate and lowering the standard of life in the parts of the world that have the greatest populations. To take an even more dramatic example, which is in everybody’s mind at the present time; you study the makeup of the atom from a disinterested（无利害关系的）desire for knowledge, and by chance place in the hands of a powerful mad man the means of destroying the human race.
Therefore, with every increase of knowledge and skill, wisdom becomes more necessary, for every such increase augments（增强）our capacity for realizing our purposes, and therefore augments our capacity for evil, if our purposes are unwise.
51. Disagreement arises when people try to decide___________
A) how much more wisdom we have now than before
B) what wisdom is and how to develop it
C) if there is a great increase of wisdom in our age
D) whether wisdom can be developed or not
52. According to the author, “wisdom” is the ability to _________
A) carefully consider the bad effects of any kind of research work
B) give each important problem some careful consideration
C) acquire a great deal of complex and special knowledge
D) give suitable consideration to all the possible elements in a problem
53. Lowering the infant death-rate may____________
A) prove to be helpful everywhere in the word
B) give rise to an in crease in population in Europe
C) cause food shortages in Asia and Africa
D) raise the living standard of the people in Africa
54. The author uses the examples in the passage to illustrate his point that_________
A) it’s extremely difficult to consider all the important elements in problem
B) success in medical research has its negative effects
C) scientists may unknowingly cause destruction to the human race
D) it’s unwise to be totally absorbed in research in scientific medicine
55. What is the main idea of the passage?
A) It is unwise to place the results of scientific research in the hands of a powerful mad man.
B) The more knowledge one has, the wiser one becomes
C) Any increase of knowledge could lead to disastrous results without the guidance of wisdom.
D) Wisdom increases in proportion to one’s age
Passage 11
许多人都会同意这样一种看法，即虽然我们的时代在掌握知识方面超越了所有先前的时代，但在智慧方面却没有相应的增长。但（５１）只要我们试着给“智慧”下个定义并思考一下提高智力水平的方式，这种一致意见就不复存在了。
有几个因素对智慧很重要。其中我首先要提到的是一种比例感：（５２）对一个问题中所有重要因素都是考虑周全，并且看出每个应占的比重的能力。（５４）这一点在现在比过去越发困难了，这是由于那种需要多种技术人员的专门知识的广泛和复杂程度。比方说，假设你参与科学药物的研究工作，这项工作很难，有可能要让你全身心地投入。你没有时间考虑你的发现或发明在药物以外的领域会导致什么样的结果。正如现代药物已经成功了一样，大大降低了婴儿的死亡率，不仅在欧美，（５３）还包括亚洲与非洲。这会产生完全始料不及的后果：世界上人口最多的部分地区食品供应不足，人民生活水平下降。再举个甚至更加富有戏剧性的例子，这是如今每个人都想得到的；你出于无关利害的对知识的渴求去研究原子的组成，却无意中让掌权的狂人得到毁灭人类的方法。
Passage 11
Most people would agree that, although our age exceeds all previous ages in knowledge, there has been no corresponding increase in wisdom. But agreement ceases as soon as we attempt to define “wisdom” and consider means of promoting it.
There are several factors that contribute to wisdom. Of these I should put first a sense of proportion: the capacity to take account of all the important factors in a problem and to attach to each its due weight. This has become more difficult than it used to be owing to the extent and complexity of the special knowledge required of various kinds of technicians. Suppose, for example, that you are engaged in research in scientific medicine. The work is difficult and is likely to absorb the whole of your mind. You have no time to consider the effect which your discoveries or inventions may have outside the field of medicine. You succeed (let us say) as modern medicine has succeeded, in enormously lowering the infant death-rate, not only in Europe and America, but also in Asia and Africa. This has the entirely unintended result of making the food supply inadequate and lowering the standard of life in the parts of the world that have the greatest populations. To take an even more dramatic example, which is in everybody’s mind at the present time; you study the makeup of the atom from a disinterested（无利害关系的）desire for knowledge, and by chance place in the hands of a powerful mad man the means of destroying the human race.
Therefore, with every increase of knowledge and skill, wisdom becomes more necessary, for every such increase augments（增强）our capacity for realizing our purposes, and therefore augments our capacity for evil, if our purposes are unwise.
51. Disagreement arises when people try to decide___________
A) how much more wisdom we have now than before
B) what wisdom is and how to develop it
C) if there is a great increase of wisdom in our age
D) whether wisdom can be developed or not
52. According to the author, “wisdom” is the ability to _________
A) carefully consider the bad effects of any kind of research work
B) give each important problem some careful consideration
C) acquire a great deal of complex and special knowledge
D) give suitable consideration to all the possible elements in a problem
53. Lowering the infant death-rate may____________
A) prove to be helpful everywhere in the word
B) give rise to an in crease in population in Europe
C) cause food shortages in Asia and Africa
D) raise the living standard of the people in Africa
54. The author uses the examples in the passage to illustrate his point that_________
A) it’s extremely difficult to consider all the important elements in problem
B) success in medical research has its negative effects
C) scientists may unknowingly cause destruction to the human race
D) it’s unwise to be totally absorbed in research in scientific medicine
55. What is the main idea of the passage?
A) It is unwise to place the results of scientific research in the hands of a powerful mad man.
B) The more knowledge one has, the wiser one becomes
C) Any increase of knowledge could lead to disastrous results without the guidance of wisdom.
D) Wisdom increases in proportion to one’s age
Passage 11
许多人都会同意这样一种看法，即虽然我们的时代在掌握知识方面超越了所有先前的时代，但在智慧方面却没有相应的增长。但（５１）只要我们试着给“智慧”下个定义并思考一下提高智力水平的方式，这种一致意见就不复存在了。
有几个因素对智慧很重要。其中我首先要提到的是一种比例感：（５２）对一个问题中所有重要因素都是考虑周全，并且看出每个应占的比重的能力。（５４）这一点在现在比过去越发困难了，这是由于那种需要多种技术人员的专门知识的广泛和复杂程度。比方说，假设你参与科学药物的研究工作，这项工作很难，有可能要让你全身心地投入。你没有时间考虑你的发现或发明在药物以外的领域会导致什么样的结果。正如现代药物已经成功了一样，大大降低了婴儿的死亡率，不仅在欧美，（５３）还包括亚洲与非洲。这会产生完全始料不及的后果：世界上人口最多的部分地区食品供应不足，人民生活水平下降。再举个甚至更加富有戏剧性的例子，这是如今每个人都想得到的；你出于无关利害的对知识的渴求去研究原子的组成，却无意中让掌权的狂人得到毁灭人类的方法。
（５５）因此，每增加一定的知识和技能，智慧也变得更加必要了，因为这种增长令我们辩别目的的能力得到了加强，因而也增强了我们对邪恶的理解力，如果我们的目标不够明智的话。
５１、当人们试图判断_______的时候，不同意见就会产生。
Ａ）我们比以前多了多少智慧 Ｂ）什么是智慧与如何培养智慧
Ｃ）在我们的时代智慧是否大大增长了 Ｄ）是否能培养智慧
５２、根据作者，智慧是____的能力
Ａ）认真考虑所有研究工作的不良后果Ｂ）认真考虑每一个重要问题
Ｃ）获取大量复杂专门知识 Ｄ）对一个问题中所有可能的因素加以恰当考虑
５３、降低婴儿死亡率可能_________
Ａ）证明在世界上任何地方都管用 Ｂ）在欧洲提高人口增长率
Ｃ）引起亚洲和非洲食品供应不足 Ｄ）提高非洲人民生活水平
５４、作者在文中举例以说明他的观点，即________
Ａ）考虑到问题中的所有重要因素极为困难
Ｂ）在药物研究中的成功有其负面影响
Ｃ）科学家也许会在无意中引起人类的毁灭
Ｄ）完全沉浸于科学药物的研究中是不明智的
５５、本文的中心意思是什么？
Ａ）让掌权的狂人掌握科学研究成果是不明智的
Ｂ）一个人的知识越多，他就越明智
Ｃ）任何知识上的增长如果没有智慧的引导都会导致毁灭性后果
Ｄ）智慧与人的年龄成比例增长
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