【大学英语六级翻译真题】大学英语六级翻译技巧

大学英语六级翻译技巧

1)分句法

把原文中一个单词或短语译成句子.使原文的一个句子分译成两个或两个以上的句子或干脆把原文的一个句子拆开，译成两个或两个以上的句子

如：八月中旬，修理组人员在骄阳下工作

译: It was in mid-August, and the repair section operated under the blazing sun.(一个单句拆分成了一个并列复合句)

2)合句法

把原文中两个或以上的简单句，主从复合句或并列复合句等译成一个单句。

例：她已试了好几次，要帮他们另找一所出租的房子，结果并未成功。

译文:She had made several attempts to help them find other rental quarters without success.(多个简单句合成一个单句)

3)正译法

就汉译英而言，就是把句子按照与汉语相反的表达方式译成英语。

例:我们强烈反对公司的新政策

译: We strongly object the company"s new policy.

4)反译法

就汉译英而言,就是把句子按照与汉语相反的表达方式译成英语.

例：酒吧间只有五个顾客还没有走

译文:Only five consumers remained in the bar.

5)顺序法

顺序法翻译不改变原文表达语序.不会影明对原文内容的理解.

例:即使在我们关掉床头灯甜甜地进入梦乡时，电仍然为我们工作:开动电冰箱，把水加热或使室内空调机继续运转。

Even when we tum off the bedside lamp and are fast asleep, electricity is working for us, driving

our refrigerators,heating our water,or keeping our rooms air-conditioned.

在句子中.句子前半部分是一个让步状语从句,后半句的"开动"，"加热"，"使……运转"都是"电在为我们工作"的具体内容。因而在译文中，译者将这三个并行动作处理成了V-ing形式。

补充说明working的内容。译文按照原句的语序完全传达了原文的意思.采用顺序法翻译，达到了“精确，通顺”的目的

6〕逆序法

逆序法根据目标语使用者表达习惯与目标语读者的认知能力，按原文语序反向翻译.以便更好地传达原文的内容。

例:他经常做礼拜的时候.总坐在固定的座位上.可是那天他们发现他不坐在老地方。

They remarked how he took a different seat from that which he usually occupied when he chose to attend worship.

7增词法

译文中添加一些原文没有的词句，表面上看似不忠实于原文，但仔细分析就会发现这些增加的词句所表达的意思并非无中生有，而是隐含在原文中的。要知道，从一种语言文字向另一种语言文字转换,有时可以找到一种语言文字在另一种语言文字中的对等词,然而要想全部依赖对等词的转换来达到翻译的目的是几乎不可能的。不同语言文字所持有的习惯仍决定了必须根据其中一种语言文字的习惯来适当地增词(或减词)达到多语言交际的目的。如果机械地按照字面意义直译，不仅不能表达原文的思想、精神与形象，而且还会使译文前后矛盾，闹出笑话。试想，如把“七擒孟获”机械译成:to catch /capture MengHuo for 7 times，不同文化背景的外国读者就很难真正理解这个典故的内涵。

例:听到你平安的消息，非常高兴

译文:I was very glad on hearing that you were in safety!(增补主语)

除了在翻译时要注意及时增补语法功能词之外，有时还需要增补与汉语文化内涵相关的信息。如:“三个臭皮匠，抵个诸葛亮”应当译文:Three cobblers with their wits combined equal ZhuGeLiang,the master mind.译文里the master mind就是个增补注释性表达，否则外国人不可能知道ZhuGeLiang是谁.

8)减词法

减词是在不影响原意的情况下省略无关紧要的词语，避免拖泥带水。如“他们开始研究近况,

分析近况”中的两个‘近况”可以省略一个,只译成They began to study and analyze the recent situation.因为原汉语句中的两个近况是为了强调，但英文里如果也译成两个the recentsituation,不仅显得罗嗦，也不符合英文表达习惯。

例：这种制度，条件成熟的可以实行，条件不成熟的不要实行

译文:This system can be adopted where conditions are ripe and not otherwise.(省略原文中重复

出现的词语)

9)词性转换

词性转换不仅是重要的译词手段.也是常用的句法转换变通手段.是一种常用的翻译技巧。

说白了，就是在必要的时候，将原文中的某个词的词性在译文里用其他词性表达出来。这种转换会使译文更加灵活变通，不必拘泥于原文形式，却能更准确传达出原文内涵。本部分内容主要从汉译英入手。从四个方面加以说明。

1、汉语动词的转换

汉语动词的使用频率远远高于英语，这是因为按照英语句法，受主谓关系的限制，一个简单

句或分句大多只有一个谓语动词。而且，英语还可以通过谓语动词以外各种词性的词来体现

动词意义。因此将汉语句子里的动词转换为英语里其他词性的词是翻译中的常用技巧之一。

例：这本书反映了30年代的中国社会

译文:The book is a reflection of Chinese society in the 1930s(将汉语动词转换为英语名词)

2、汉语名词的转换

英语中有很多由名词派生的动词，以及由名词转用的副词、形容词等。在汉译英时，汉语中

的名词常常可以产生一些转换,从而更简洁有力地表达原文。

例：他们尽了最大的努力帮助病号和伤员

译文:They did their best to help the sick and the wounded(汉语名词转换为英语副词)

3、汉语形容词的转换

在汉译英时，汉语的形容词往往可以译成英语中的名词或副词，这些名词或副词通常具有抽

象意义，而且往往由某些形容词派生而来。

例：我们感到，解决这个复杂的问题是困难的

译文:We found difficulty in solving this complicated problem.(汉语形容词转换为英语名词)

4、汉语副词的转换

有时出于修辞和句法结构的需要，往往把汉语中的副词用英语其他词性的词来表达，这也是翻译中的一个常用技巧

例:独立思考对学习是绝对必须的

译文:Independent thinking is an absolute necessity in study.(汉语副词转换为英语名词)

10)综合法

有些句子单独使用一种翻译方法是很难翻译好的，需要用几种方法进行综合处理，然后再按照时间顺序，主从结构或逻辑关系等重新排列，即进行句子重组。

例 ：除了服务于说本族语者的需要外，英语也是科学、技术和其他领域一些重要著作编撰时所使用的语言，这些著作并非总是由以英语为母语的人所编撰的.

（这句话虽然很长，但其实只说明了一个问题--英语是一个什么样的语言?由句子可

知，英语有以下功能:服务于以母语的人；在科学等领域编撰著作时使用。英语还具有一个特征：用于科学等领域的书籍编撰时，并非总是由以英语为母语的人来担纲。而在英语的两个功能中，本句尤其突出他的第二个功能，所以在翻译本句时要注意重点和句子结构的重组，

有些部分可以处理成修饰语成分。）

译文:English is a language in which some of important works in science, technology and other fields are being produced,not always by native speakers,besides serving the needs of its native speakers.

由英文转换到中文的例子:

例 The technical aspects or applications of knowledge are equally necessary for man and are of the greatest importance,because they also contribute to defining him as man and permit him to pursue a life increasingly more truly human.

译文:对人们来说，知识的技能及其应用是同样必不可少的，并且也是至关重要的，因为它们也有助于对人类本身下定义，同时允许人类追求日益真实的人的生活。

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一． 敲击键盘的声音也许是现代社会的一种白色噪音，但其实，他们所透露出的信息比疏忽的打字者意识到的要更多。通过简单分析击键声音的录音，计算机专家们现在就能够准确无误的解析出一篇通过键盘输入的文字的脚本，甚至包括输入的密码。以其他计算机比起来，这个过程简单很多，仅仅需要一个便宜的麦克风和一台电脑。

　　【参考译文】Clattering keyboards may seem the white noise of the modern age, but they betray more information than unwary typists realize. Simply by analyzing audio recordings of keyboard clatter, computer scientists can now reconstruct an accurate transcript of what was typed—including passwords. And in contrast with many types of computer espionage, the process is simple, requiring only a cheap microphone and a desktop computer.

二． 人类之间为了钻石而相互残杀;国家之间为了石油而发动战争。但如果没有水，这世界上最珍贵的东西将一文不值。淡水是维持生命的必需品，无可替代。水，尽管几乎无法估价，却是世界上最贵重的东西。自然规律决定了水的供给是有限的。但随着世界人口的增加和生活水平的提高，人类对水的需求量增加的趋势是不可避免的。家庭、工厂和办公场所正在消耗越来越多的水，但是这个星球对于食物(和生产庄家和肉类过程中使用的水)日益增长的需求才是最忧心的问题。

【参考译文】People kill each other over diamonds; countries go to war over oil. But the world’s most expensive commodities are worth nothing in the absence of water. Fresh water is essential for life, with no substitute. Although mostly unpriced, it is the most valuable stuff in the world. Nature has decreed that the supply of water is fixed. Meanwhile demand rises inexorably as the world’s population increases and enriches itself. Homes, factories and offices are sucking up ever more. But it is the planet’s growing need for food (and the water involved in producing crops and meat) that matters most.

三． 随着中国日益成为韩国的重要贸易伙伴，两国的联系从外交和贸易延伸到了教育领域。中国是韩国最大的出口目的地，吸收了韩国约四分之一的出口产品，同时也吸引了韩国超过四分之一的留学生。虽然在美国留学的好处之一是可以练习英语(对找工作的人来说英语依然是最重要的语言)，但韩国雇主对有中国经历的毕业生的需求越来越大。比如三星集团两年前说，具有中文语言能力的求职者会得到额外的加分。

　　【参考译文】As China’s increasing importance as a trading partner becomes palpable in neighboring South Korea, the connections between the countries are extending from diplomacy and trade to education. The middle kingdom is South Korea’s biggest export destination, taking around a quarter of its exports—and it’s also taking more than a quarter of its neighbor’s foreign college students. Part of the benefit of a U. S. education is practice speaking English, which is still seen as the most important language for job seekers, but Korean employers are increasingly looking for graduates with experience in China. Samsung Group, for example, said two years ago that job applicants with Chinese language skills would get bonus points.

四． 他们毒害年轻人的心灵，腐化年轻人的灵魂。正是它们，让年轻人坐在沙发上虚度时光，沉浸于危险重重的幻想世界。18世纪的批评家们对于新媒体对年轻人的冲击感到忧心忡忡，他们向小说提出了如此的控诉。时至今日，小说害人的说法听起来已是如此的荒谬。对于当今时代那些控诉电视游戏使年轻人变成暴力罪犯的批评者们，历史最终也将对他们做出同样的审判。

　　【参考译文】They poison the mind and corrupt the morals of the young, who waste their time sitting on sofas immersed in dangerous fantasy worlds. That, at least, was the charge leveled against novels during the 18th century by critics worried about the impact of a new medium on young people. Today the idea that novels can harm people sounds daft. And that is surely how history will judge modern criticism of video games, which are accused of turning young people into violent criminals.

五． 我整整一生都处于对武术的痴迷之中。但是当我搬到一个有功夫俱乐部的城市时，我才真正体会到了武术的魅力，同时也完全理解了为什么人们称它为一种艺术。它是一种战斗同时也是在进行一种自我防卫，这其实也达到了让你更加了解自己的身体，从而使它变得更加强壮和健康的目的。功夫是一门完整的哲学，而且是中国文化的重要组成部分。当我开始练习功夫的时候，我才意识到它有多么地困难，哪怕是简单的一踢或者一打就需要几个月的时间去练习。但是我太爱它了!一个全新的世界正向我敞开它的大门。

　　【参考译文】My whole life I’ve been interested in martial arts. But it was only when I moved to another city where there was a Kungfu club, that I really enjoyed it and fully understood why they call it an art. It is fighting and defending yourself, but it also understanding your body more, making it stronger and healthier. Kungfu is a whole philosophy and is a big part of Chinese culture. When I started to practice kungfu, I realized how difficult it was and a simple kick or punch demanded months of practice. But I loved it! A whole new world was opening to me.

六． 来自利物浦大学的科学家、心理学家和英文教授发现，阅读莎士比亚及其他古典作家的作品对心智发展大有裨益。这些作品能够抓住读者的注意力，引发读者的自我反思。研究还发现，阅读书籍，尤其是诗歌，可以增加与“自传体记忆”有关的大脑右半球的活动频率，有助于读者根据阅读内容对个人经历进行反思和重新评价。学者们表示，这意味着阅读古典作品比阅读自助类书籍更有帮助。

　　【参考译文】Scientists, psychologists and English academics at Liverpool University have found that reading the works of Shakespeare and other classical writers has a beneficial effect on the mind, catches the reader’s attention and triggers moments of self-reflection. The research also found that reading poetry, in particular, increases activity in the right hemisphere of the brain, an area concerned with “autobiographical memory”, helping the reader to reflect on and reappraise their own experiences in light of what they have read. The academics said this meant the classics were more useful than self-help books.

七． 波士顿咨询公司最近做的一项研究显示，到2020年中国将会有2.2亿家庭收入在2万到100万美元的富裕消费者。这些消费者中75%住在“较小城市”。随着网络的发展，较小城市的消费者的一种必然趋势是他们更加依赖社交网络服务上的信息。很多网络顾客都是通过微信、微博和QQ空间分组的。据估计今年中国将会有2.5亿消费者进行网购，位于四线城市的消费者平均每人会花费他们50%或者更高的工资在网购上，这一数据要比一线城市的消费者的花费高。

　　【参考译文】A recent study conducted by the Boston Consulting Group says there will be 220 million affluent consumers, who are from households earning between $ 20,000 to $ 1 million, in China by 2020, and 75 percent of them will live in “smaller” cities. With the development of the Internet, an inevitable trend among these consumers is they are much more dependent on information from social networking services. Many of the website’s customers are “grouped” by Wechat, Weibo and QQ Zones. It is now estimated that 250 million Chinese consumers will shop online this year and the average shopper in a fourth-tier city in China will spend 50 percent or more of their income on e-commerce than those in top-tier cities.

八． 聘金是中国传统习俗的一部分。这一习惯在整个中国都很普遍。但是近几年来其标准不断上升，致使大多数家庭都很难达到。高额的聘礼常常“抢劫”了新郎父母必生的积蓄，甚至引起家庭纠纷。此外，许多新婚夫妇被迫举行奢侈的婚礼宴会，在这个过程中，大量债务的累积可能使他们的新婚生活变得辛酸，至少在最初阶段是这样。想想老一辈节俭的婚礼，虽然简简单单，但也幸福美满，没有给他们婚后的生活带来任何负担。

　　【参考译文】Endowment may be part of Chinese tradition, but the standards have become so high in recent years that a majority of families are finding it difficult to meet them. The high endowment amounts often rob grooms’ parents of their life’s savings and causes family disputes. Besides, many newly married couples are forced to host extravagant wedding ceremonies to keep up with the Joneses and, in the process, run up huge debts that could turn their married life sour, at least in the initial phase. Considering the frugal wedding of many parents, simple but happiness, didn’t have any bearing on their married life.

九． 　中国新年是中国最重要的传统节日，在中国也被称为春节。新年的庆祝活动从除夕开始一直延续到元宵 节(the Lantern Festival)，即从农历(lunar calendar)最后一个月的最后一天至新年第一个月的第十五天。各地欢 度春节的习俗和传统有很大差异，但通常每个家庭都会在除夕夜团聚，一起吃年夜饭。为驱厄运、迎好运，家 家户户都会进行大扫除。人们还会在门上粘贴红色的对联(couplets)，对联的主题为健康、发财和好运。其他 的活动还有放鞭炮、发红包和探亲访友等。

　　参考答案

　　Chinese New Year is the most important traditional Chinese holiday. In China, it is also known as the Spring Festival. New Year celebrations run from Chinese New Year’s Eve, the last day of the last month of the lunar calendar, to the Lantern Festival on the 15th day of the first month. Customs and traditions concerning the celebration of the Chinese New Year vary widely from place to place. However, New Year’s Eve is usually an occasion for Chinese families to gather for the annual reunion dinner. It is also traditional for every family to thoroughly clean the house in order to sweep away ill fortune and to bring in good luck. And doors will be decorated with red couplets with themes of health, wealth and good luck. Other activities include lighting firecrackers, giving money in red envelopes, and visiting relatives and friends.

　　难点精析

　　1.庆祝活动：译为celebrations即可，考生要注意，不要看到“庆祝活动”就想在celebration的后面加上： • activities。

　　2. 有很大差异：译为…vary widely,此句还可以翻译为…are rather different。

　　3.驱厄运、迎好运：译为sweep away ill fortune and to bring in good luck，此处的“驱”如果考生无法译出： : sweep away，也可以用简单的get rid of来表达。

　　4.大扫除：译为thoroughly clean the house。

　　5.放鞭炮、发红包：译为 lighting firecrackers, giving money in red envelopes。放鞭炮还可以用 set off " I firecrackers或 fire firecrackers来表达。

一十． 中医(Traditional Chinese Medicine)是中华文化不可分割的一部分，为振兴华夏做出了巨大的贡献。如今， 中医和西医(western medicine)在中国的医疗保健领域并驾齐驱。中医以其独特的诊断手法、系统的治疗方式 和丰富的典籍材料，备受世界瞩目。中国的中医事业由国家中医药管理局(State Administration of TCM and Pharmacology)负责。现在国家巳经出台了管理中医的政策、法令和法规，引导并促进这个新兴产业的研究和 开发。在定义上，中医是指导中国传统医药理论和实践的一种医学，它包括中医疗法、中草药(herbalogy)、针 灸(acupuncture )、推拿(massage)和气功(Qigong)。

　　参考答案

　　Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is an integral part of Chinese culture. It has made great contributions to the prosperity of China. Today both TCM and western medicine are being used in providing medical and health services in China. TCM, with its unique diagnostic methods, systematic approach, abundant historical literature and materials, has attracted a lot of attention from the international community. In China, TCM is under the administration of State Administration of TCM and Pharmacology. National strategies, laws and regulations governing TCM are now in place to guide and promote the research and development in this promising industry. TCM is defined as a medical science governing the theory and practice of traditional Chinese medicine. It includes Chinese medication, herbalogy, acupuncture, massage and Qigong.

　　难点精析：

　　1.不可分割的一部分：可译为an integral part。

　　2.为振兴华夏做出了巨大的贲献：可译为has made great contributions to the prosperity of China，其中“华夏”： 即“中国”或“中华”，可直接译为China; “振兴”此处翻译成了名词形式prosperity,还可译为revitalization;“做出了 巨大的贡献”可译为 has made great contributions。

　　3.并驾齐驱：此处指两者(中医和西医)都得以应用，可简单地翻译为both are being used。

　　4.独特的诊断手法、系统的治疗方式和丰富的典籍材料：三个并列的名词短语，可分别译为unique ： I diagnostic methods, systematic approach和abundant historical literature and materials; “典籍材料”可理解为历史文献资料，翻译为historical literature and materials。

　　5.引导并促进这一新兴产业的研究和开发：“引导”译为guide; “促进”可译为promote，还可译为facilitate或further; “新兴产业，，可译为promising industry,还可译为new industry或emerging industry。

　　6.中医疗法：译为Chinese medication。

十一. 中欧经济贸易合作取得了可喜的成果。欧盟巳经成为中国的重要经贸伙伴，是中国最大的技术供应方、 第三大贸易伙伴和第五大实际投资方。2001年，中欧贸易达到766亿美元，比上一年增长11%，尤其是中国从 欧盟的进口增长了 15.8%。我非常赞赏欧中贸协(Europe-China Business Association)与比中经贸理事会 (Belgium-Chinese Economic and Commercial Council)为发展中欧关系所做出的努力。中欧经济贸易合作具有广 阔的前景。中欧经济具有很强的互补性，在贸易、投资、科技等领域具有很大的合作潜力。

　　参考答案

　　China-EU economic and trade cooperation has yielded heartening fruits. The EU has now become an important economic and trade partner of China, working as the largest technology supplier, the third largest trading partner and the fifth largest actual investor in China. Bilateral trade reached 76.6 billion dollars in 2001, achieving an 11% increase compared to the previous year. In particular, China’s imports from the EU grew by 15.8%. I highly appreciate the efforts by the Europe-China Business Association and the Belgium-Chinese Economic and Commercial Council for developing China-EU ties. China-EU trade and economic cooperation is endowed with a promising future. The two economies are strongly complimentary to each other and hence enjoy huge potential for cooperation in trade, investment, science and technology areas.

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