英语六级真题
2017年6月大学英语六级真题试卷及答案(一)Part I Writing (30 minutes)(请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分,之后将进行听力考[db:cate]
【2017年6月大学英语六级考试真题】2017年6月大学英语六级真题第一套试卷及答案

20176月大学英语六级真题试卷及答案(一)

Part I Writing (30 minutes)

(请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分,之后将进行听力考试)

Directions:Suppose you are asked to give advice on whether to attend a vocational college or a university, write an essay to state your opinion. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.

【参考范文】

Whether to Attend a Vocational College or a University?

It’s an undisputable truth that virtually all high school graduates will encounter the choices between a vocational college and a university. And when it comes to this question, students’ ideas are not cut from the same cloth. In point of which to choose and what to be taken into consideration, my advices are as follow.

In the first place, we should be conscious of the fact that both of the two choices have its own superiorities. For instance, a vocational college specializes in cultivating human resources with practical capabilities; while a university serves as the cradle of academic researchers in different fields. Then it does follow that high school graduates should have a clear picture of themselves. That is to say, they should know their merits and demerits and their choices must give play to their strengths whilst circumvent weaknesses. In addition, interest is the best teacher and it’s also the premise of learning on one’s own initiative. Thus interest must be taken into account because it can not only decide how far one can reach academically and professionally but also how happy and fulfilled one will be.

In brief, all above just goes to show that there really is no one-size-fits-all answer for the question. The key lies in a clear cognition, accurate self-positioning and the interest of oneself. Only then can every one find a right path that works best for us.

Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)

Section A

Directions:In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

注意:此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

1. A) He would feel insulted.

B) He would feel very sad.

C) He would be embarrassed.

D) He would be disappointed.

2. A) They are worthy of a prize. B) They are of little value.

C) They make good reading. D) They need improvement.

3. A) He seldom writes a book straight through.

B) He writes several books simultaneously.

C) He draws on his real-life experiences.

D) He often turns to his wife for help.

4. A)Writing a book is just like watching a football match.

B)Writers actually work every bit as hard as footballers.

C)He likes watching a football match after finishing a book.

D) Unlike a football match, there is no end to writing a book.

Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

5. A) Achievements of black male athletes in college.

B) Financial assistance to black athletes in college.

C) High college dropout rates among black athletes.

D) Undergraduate enrollments of black athletes.

6. A) They display great talent in every kind of game.

B) They are better at sports than at academic work.

C) They have difficulty finding money to complete their studies.

D) They make money for the college but often fail to earn a degree.

7. A) About 15%. B) Around 40%.

C) Slightly over 50%. D) Approximately 70%.

8. A) Coaches lack the incentive to graduate them. B) College degrees do not count much to them.

C) They have little interest in academic work. D) Schools do not deem it a serious problem.

Section B

Directions: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a questionyou must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

Questions9 to 12 are based on the passage you have just heard.

9. A) Marketing strategies.B) Holiday shopping.

C) Shopping malls.D) Online stores.

10. A) About 50% of holiday shoppers. B) About 20-30% of holiday shoppers.

C) About 136 million. D) About 183.8 million.


11. A) They have fewer customers. B) They find it hard to survive.

C) They are thriving once more. D) They appeal to elderly customers.

12. A) Better quality of consumer goods B) Higher employment and wages.

C) Greater varieties of commodities. D) People having more leisure time.

Questions 13 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.

13. A) They are new species of big insects.

B) They are overprescribed antibiotics.

C) They are life-threatening diseases.

D) They are antibiotic-resistant bacteria.

14. A) Antibiotics are now in short supply.

B) Many infections are no longer curable.

C) Large amounts of tax money are wasted.

D) Routine operations have become complex.

15. A) Facilities. B) Expertise.

C) Money. D) Publicity.

Section C

Directions: In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B)C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

Questions 16 to18 are based on the recording you have just heard.

16. A) It is accessible only to the talented.

B) It improves students ability to think.

C) It starts a lifelong learning process.

D) It gives birth to many eminent scholars.

17. A) They encourage academic democracy.

B) They promote globalization.

C) They uphold the presidents" authority.

D) They protect students rights.

18. A) His thirst for knowledge.

B) His eagerness to find a job.

C) His contempt for authority.

D) His potential for leadership.

Questions 19 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard.

19. A) Few people know how to retrieve information properly.

B) People can enhance their memory with a few tricks.

C) Most people have a rather poor long-term memory.

D) People tend to underestimate their mental powers.

20. A) They present the states in a surprisingly different order.

B) They include more or less the same number of states.

C) They are exactly the same as is shown in the atlas.

D) They contain names of the most familiar states.

21. A) Focusing on what is likely to be tested.

B) Having a good sleep the night before.

C) Reviewing your lessons where the exam is to lake place.

D) Making sensible decisions while choosing your answers.

22. A) Discover when you can learn best. B) Change your time of study daily.

C) Give yourself a double bonus afterwards. D) Follow the example of a marathon runner.

Questions 23 to 25 are based on the recordingyou have just heard.

23. A) He is a politician. B) He is a businessman.

C) He is a sociologist. D) He is a economist

24. A) In slums. B) In Africa.

C) In pre-industrial societies. D) In developing countries.

25. A) They have no access to health care, let alone entertainment or recreation.

B) Their income is less than 50% of the national average family income.

C) They work extra hours to have their basic needs met.

D) Their children cannot afford to go to private schools.

Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

1. A) He would feel insulted. B) He would feel very sad.

C) He would be embarrassed. D) He would be disappointed.

【答案】A

【解析】题目问如果男士在二手书店中发现了自己写的书,那么男士会感觉怎样。男士说到:如果他在二手书店发现了自己的书,他会认为这是种侮辱。因此选A。

2. A) They are worthy of a prize. B) They are of little value.

C) They make good reading. D) They need improvement.

【答案】B

【解析】题目问男士的妻子认为他的书怎么样。男士说到:他最新的一本书是在2004年写的,当时在写的时候给他妻子看了一小部分。妻子认为他写的内容是垃圾。这表明他的妻子认为他写的书毫无价值。因此选B。

3. A) He seldom writes a book straight through.

B) He writes several books simultaneously.

C) He draws on his real-life experiences.

D) He often turns to his wife for help.

【答案】A

【解析】题目问当男士在写作的时候,他通常会做什么。在对话中,女士问男士他那本《被埋葬的巨人》 为什么被搁置了那么久,显然是过了十年才把这本书写好。男士回答:他写书通常都是写写停停,写到一半就会搁置几年时间再继续写。男士的言外之意是,他很少会一口气把 一本书写完。因此选A。

4. A) Writing a book is just like watching a football match.

B) Writers actually work every bit as hard as footballers.

C) He likes watching a football match after finishing a book.

D) Unlike a football match, there is no end to writing a book.

Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

【答案】D

【解析】题目问男士提到足球比赛是想表达什么。男士在最后说到,足球运动员在结束的哨声吹响的时候,就意味着比赛已经结束了。但是对于作家来说,永远都没有结束的哨声这一说。因此选D。

5. A) Achievements of black male athletes in college.

B) Financial assistance to black athletes in college.

C) High college dropout rates among black athletes.

D) Undergraduate enrollments of black athletes.

【答案】C

【解析】题目问这两个讲话者在谈论什么。女士在一开始就引出主题:一份研究表明,在大学中黑人运动员的辍学率特别高。因此选C。

6. A) They display great talent in every kind of game.

B) They are better at sports than at academic work.

C) They have difficulty finding money to complete their studies.

D) They make money for the college but often fail to earn a degree.

【答案】D

【解析】题目问这份研究对黑人男性运动员有什么新的发现。男士说到:他们是以给学校创造收入的工薪阶层的身份存在的,而不是以受教育的学生的身份存在的。就是说,黑人男性运动员只是学校的挣钱工具,而学校并没有给他们太多接受学术教育的机会。因此选D。

7. A) About 15%. B) Around 40%.

C) Slightly over 50%. D) Approximately 70%.

【答案】C

【解析】题目问黑人男性运动员的毕业率是多少。女士回答:在65所学校中只有勉强一半多一点儿的黑人能毕业。因此选C。

8. A) Coaches lack the incentive to graduate them.

B) College degrees do not count much to them.

C) They have little interest in academic work.

D) Schools do not deem it a serious problem.

【答案】A

【解析】题目问根据男士可知,黑人运动员没能取得大学学位的原因是什么。男士在最后说到:所有的动机不是要赢得比赛就是不能输掉比赛。教练缺乏让他们毕业的动力。因此选A。

Section B

Directions: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

Questions 9 to 12 are based on the passage you have just heard.

9. A) Marketing strategies. B) Holiday shopping.

C) Shopping malls. D) Online stores.

【答案】B

【解析】题目问说话者主要说了什么。听力材料一开始就提到“America’s holiday shopping season starts on Black Friday... It is the busiest shopping day of the year”,因此,不难推断出该篇听力的主题是关于holiday shopping,因此本题选B。

10. A) About 50% of holiday shoppers.

B) About 20-30% of holiday shoppers.

C) About 136 million.

D) About 183.8 million.

【答案】D

【解析】题目问有多少人会在网络星期一那天购物。听力篇章中提及,“About 183.8 million people will shop on Cyber Monday”,就不难选出本题答案D。

11. A) They have fewer customers.

B) They find it hard to survive.

C) They are thriving once more.

D) They appeal to elderly customers.

【答案】C

【解析】题目问关于传统购物中心,《财富》是怎么说的。听力篇章中提及“Fortune says the weakest of the malls have closed. The sector is thriving again”,由此可知,本题答案选C。

12. A) Better quality of consumer goods.

B) Higher employment and wages.

C) Greater varieties of commodities.

D) People having more leisure time.

【答案】B

【解析】题目是问购物者数量增加的原因是什么。篇章中提到,“…lower unemployment and rising wages could give Americans more money to spend”,其中B选项与这句话完全符合,lower unemployment 即higher employment,故本题选B。

Questions 13 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.

13. A) They are new species of big insects.

B)They are overprescribed antibiotics.

C)They are life-threatening diseases.

D)They are antibiotic-resistant bacteria.

【答案】D

【解析】题目问关于超级细菌我们知道什么。篇章中提及,“you may have heard about the new superbugs which are antibiotic-resistant bacteria that have developed as a result of overprescribed antibiotics." ,其中D选项与这句话完全符合。

14. A) Antibiotics are now in short supply.

B)Many infections are no longer curable.

C)Large amounts of tax money are wasted.

D)Routine operations have become complex.

【答案】D

【解析】题目问抗生素用量过度的后果是什么。篇章中提到 “seemingly routine operations... are now much more hazardous...”,D选项与此相符合。

15. A) Facilities.

B)Expertise.

C)Money.

D)Publicity.

【答案】C

【解析】题目问,在说话者看来,为应对严重威胁生命的传染病,什么是最迫切需要的。篇章最后提及:面对严重威胁生命的传染病,却只有1.2%的预算被用于研究上,这与所需的资金相差甚远。由此可知C选项正确。

Section C

Directions: In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), CJ and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.

16. A) It is accessible only to the talented.

B) It improves students’ ability to think.

C) It starts a lifelong learning process.

D) It gives birth to many eminent scholars.

【答案】B

【解析】题目问说话者是如何描述大学的。听力材料中提到 “you are here to understand thinking better and to think better your- self”,B选项与此相符合。

17. A) They encourage academic democracy.

B) They promote globalization.

C) They uphold the presidents’ authority.

D) They protect students’ rights.

【答案】A

【解析】题目问关于大学,我们可以从说话者的故事中了解到什么。篇章中提到 “But what was really important about that was the universities stand out as places that really are about the authority of ideas.",由此可推断出大学鼓励思想交流,鼓励学术民主,A选项正确。

18. A) His thirst for knowledge. B) His eagerness to find a job.

C) His contempt for authority. D) His potential for leadership.

【答案】A

【解析】题目是问说话者在挑战他论文的年轻人身上看到了什么。听力篇章中提及“a... you couldn’t debate that young man’s hunger to learn”,由此可判断选A。

Questions 19 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard.

19. A) Few people know how to retrieve information properly.

B)People can enhance their memory with a few tricks.

C)Most people have a rather poor long-term memory.

D)People tend to underestimate their mental powers.

【答案】D

【解析】听力篇章一开始就提及,“Psychological research shows we consistently underestimate our mental powers. ”,这与D选项完全符合。

20. A) They present the states in a surprisingly different order.

B)They include more or less the same number of states.

C)They are exactly the same as is shown in the atlas.

D)They contain names of the most familiar states.

【答案】B

【解析】听力材料中提到,“The two lists will contain roughly the same number of states but they will not be identical”,由此可知本题答案为B选项。

21. A) Focusing on what is likely to be tested.

B)Having a good sleep the night before.

C)Reviewing your lessons where the exam is to take place.

D)Making sensible decisions while choosing your answers.

【答案】C

【解析】题目问说话者对如何准备和参加考试有何建议。听力篇章中提及“If possible, you should also try to learn information in the room where it is going to be tested”,这与C选项完全符合,故本题选C。

22. A) Discover when you can learn best.

B) Change your time of study daily.

B) Give yourself a double bonus afterwards.

D) Follow the example of a marathon runner.

【答案】A

【解析】题目问关于学习,说话者给了我们什么建议。听力篇章中曾提及:“When you learn is also important”,这表明,要找到最适合自己学习的时间,故A选项正确。

Questions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.

23. A) He is a politician. B) He is a businessman.

C)He is a sociologist. D) He is an economist.

【答案】C

【解析】题目是问说话者是做什么的。听力篇章中提及“It concerns not only us sociologists but also economists, politicians and business people.”,答案为C选项。

24. A) In slums.

B) In Africa.

C) In pre-industrial societies.

D) In developing countries.

【答案】D

【解析】题目是问说话者说在哪可以发 现极度贫穷的情况。听力篇章中提及:“Where does extreme poverty occur? Well, you can find it only in developing countries.”,因此本题答案选D。

25. A) They have no access to health care, let alone entertainment or recreation.

B)Their income is less than 50% of the national average family income.

C)They work extra hours to have their basic needs met.

D)Their children cannot afford to go to private schools.

【答案】B

【解析】题目是问家庭相对贫穷的美国人是什么样的。听力篇章中提及:“in the United States a family can be considered poor if their income is less than 50% of the national average family income.”,这与B选项完全符合。

Part Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices, Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.

After becoming president of Purdue University in 2013, Mitch Daniels asked the faculty to prove that their students have actually achieved one of higher education’s most important goals: critical thinking skills. Two years before, a nationwide study of college graduates had shown that more than a third hadmade no (26)_______ gains in such mental abilities during their school years. Mr. Daniels needed to(27)_______ the high cost of attending Purdue to its students and their families. After all, the percentageof Americans who say a college degree is “very important” has fallen (28)_______ in the last 5-6 years.

Purdue now has a pilot test to assess students’ critical thinking skills. Yet like many college teachersaround the U.S., the faculty remain (29)_______ that their work as educators can be measured by a“learning (30)_______ ” such as a graduate’s ability to investigate and reason. However, the professorsneed not worry so much. The results of a recent experiment showed that professors can use (31)_______ metrics to measure how well students do in three key areas: critical thinking, written communication, and quantitative literacy.

Despite the success of the experiment, the actual results are worrisome, and mostly (32)_______ earlier studies. The organizers of the experiment concluded that far fewer students were achieving at high levels on critical thinking than they were doing for written communication or quantitative literacy. And that conclusion is based only on students nearing graduation.

American universities, despite their global (33)_______ for excellence in teaching, have only begunto demonstrate what they can produce in real-world learning. Knowledge-based degrees are still important,but employers are (34)_______ advanced thinking skills from college graduates. If the intellectual worthof a college degree can be (35)_______ measured, more people will seek higher education—and comeout better thinkers.

注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

26. 【解析】F。空格前的remain为系动词,因此空格处需要填入一个形容词;根据前面的句意“……更有可能坚持做一件事”,可知focused最为符合,表示“保持全神贯注”,因此本题选F

27. 【解析】L。根据空格前的to可判断空格处应填入动词原形,根据句意,“使用口头提示来记忆图像”,可知选项L符合。

28. 【解析】0。空格前是量词twenty,因此空格处需填入一个名词复数;再由前边的“In one experiment”可知这是一个实验,所以这里选择volunteers (志愿者)最为合适,故本题选0

29. 【解析】H。空格前后分别为be动词were和介词to,因此空格处需要填入一个动词的被动语态;根据句意,“一半人被_____要大声地重复他们要找的东西,”可知instructed (通知,指导)最为合适,因此本题答案选H

30. 【解析】J。根据句子结构可判断空格处需要填入一个形容词。再由the other half对应的是前边的Half 可知这里的情况和前边的不同,前边说repeat out loud (大声地重复),后边自然就是要表达“不说话” 的意思,keep ones lips sealed即“闭上嘴巴、不说话”的意思,故本题选J

31. 【解析】M。空格前的that引导的是宾语从句,空格与后面的名词词组the name of a common product共同充当宾语从句的主语,因此空格处应填入动词的-ing形式,根据句意可判断uttering更为合适,故本题选M

32. 【解析】A。空格所在句是一个现在完成时态,空格前后组成谓语动词have matured,因此空格处实际上并不缺成分,只可能填入一个副词来修饰动词matured,根据单词意思,这里应选apparently

33. 【解析】C。根据空格前边的a great sign of可知,空格处缺少一个名词;再根据句意,“当你足够成熟时,自言自语并不能显示出你的_____”,可知这里填入brilliance更为合适。故本题选C

34. 【解析】 D。空格前边是一句完整的话,空格后是that从句,由此判断空格处 填入动词的-ing形式,作为前边句子的伴随状语,并引导后面的宾语从句;分析选项,动词的-ing 形式只剩下claiming这一个词,故本题选D

35. 【解析】N。空格处需要填入一个名词,与前边的At any构成介词词组;结合整篇文章的大意,此处填入volume最为合适,故本题选N

Section B

Directions:In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

The Price of Oil and the Price of Carbon

[A]Fossil fuel prices are likely to stay “low for long.” Notwithstanding important recent progress in developing renewable fuel sources, low fossil fuel prices could discourage further innovation in, and adoption of, cleaner energy technologies. The result would be higher emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases.

[B]Policymakers should not allow low energy prices to derail the clean energy transition. Action to restore appropriate price incentives, notably through corrective carbon pricing, is urgently needed to lower the risk of irreversible and potentially devastating effects of climate change. That approach also offers fiscal benefits.

[C]Oil prices have dropped by over 60% since June 2014. A commonly held view in the oil industry is that “the best cure for low oil prices is low oil prices.” The reasoning behind this saying is that low oil prices discourage investment in new production capacity, eventually shifting the oil supply curve backward and bringing prices back up as existing oil fieldswhich can be tapped at relatively low marginal cost—are depleted. In fact, in line with past experience capital expenditure in the oil sector has dropped sharply in many producing countries, including the United States. The dynamic adjustment to low oil prices may, however, be different this time around.

[D]Oil prices are expected to remain lower for longer. The advent of new technologies has added about 4.2 million barrels per day to the crude oil market, contributing to a global over-supply. In addition, other factors are putting downward pressure on oil prices: change in the strategies behavior of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, the projected increase in Iranian exports, the scaling- down of global demand (especially from emerging markets), the long-term drop in petroleum consumption in the United States, and some displacement of oil by substitutes. These likely persistent forces, like the growth of shale (页岩)oil, point to a “low for long” scenario. Futures markets, which show only a modest recovery of prices to around $60 a barrel by 2019, support this view.

[E]Natural gas and coal—alsofossil fuels—have similarly seen price declines that look to be long-lived. Coal and natural gas are mainly used for electricity generation, whereas oil is used mostly to power transportation, yet the prices of all these energy sources are linked. The North American shale gas boom has resulted in record low prices there. The recent discovery of the giant Zohr gas field off the Egyptian coast will eventually have impact on pricing in the Mediterranean region and Europe, and there is significant development potential in many other places, notably Argentina. Coal prices also are low, owing to over-supply and the scaling-down of demand, especially from China, which bums half of the world’s coal.

[F]Technological innovations have unleashed the power of renewables such as wind, hydro, solar, and geothermal (地热).Even Africa and the Middle Easthome to economies that are heavily dependent on fossil fuel exports, have enormous potential to develop renewables. For example, the United Arab Emirates has endorsed an ambitious target to draw 24% of its primary energy consumption from renewable sources by 2021.

[G]Progress in the development of renewables could be fragile, however, if fossil fuel prices remain low for long. Renewables account for only a small share of global primary energy consumption, which is still dominated by fossil fuels—30% each for coal and oil, 25% for natural gas. But renewable energy will have to displace fossil fuels to a much greater extent in the future to avoid unacceptable climate risks.

[H]Unfortunately, the current low prices for oil, gas, and coal may provide little incentive for research to find even cheaper substitutes for those fuels. There is strong evidence that both innovation and adoption of cleaner technology are strongly encouraged by higher fossil fuel prices. The same is true for new technologies for alleviating fossil fuel emissions.

[I]The current low fossil fuel price environment will thus certainly delay the energy transition from fossil fuel to clean energy sources. Unless renewables become cheap enough that substantial carbon deposits are left underground for a very long time, if not forever, the planet will like be exposed to potentially catastrophic climate risks.

[J]Some climate impacts may already be discernible. For example, the United Nations Children Fund estimates that some 11 million children in Africa face hunger, disease, and water shortage as a result of the strongest El Nino (厄尔尼诺)weather phenomenon in decades. Many scientists believe that El Nino events, caused by warming in the Pacificare becoming more intense as a result of climate change.

[K]Nations from around the world have gathered in Paris for the United Nations Climate Change Conference, COP 21, with the goal of a universal and potentially legally-binding agreement reducing greenhouse gas emissions. We need very broad participation to fully address global tragedy that results when countries fail to take into account the negative impact of their carbon emissions on the rest of the world. Moreover, non-participation by nations, if sufficiently widespread, can undermine the political will of participating countries to act.

[L]The nations participating at COP 21 are focusing on quantitative emissions-reduction commitments. Economic reasoning shows that the least expensive way for each country is to put a price on carbon emissions. The reason is that when carbon is priced, those emissions reductions that are least costly to implement will happen first. The International Monetary Fund calculates that countries can generate substantial fiscal revenues by eliminating fossil fuel subsidies and levying carbon charges that capture the domestic damage caused by emissions. A tax on upstream carbon sources is one easy way to put a price on carbon emissions, although some countries may wish to use other methods, such as emissions trading schemes. In order to maximize global welfare, every country’s carbon pricing should reflect not only the purely domestic damage from emissions, but also the damage to foreign countries.

[M]Setting the right carbon price will therefore efficiently align the costs paid by carbon users with the true social opportunity cost of using carbon. By raising relative demand for clean energy sourcesa carbon price would also help align the market return to clean-energy innovation with its social return, spurring the refinement of existing technologies and the development of new ones. And it would raise the demand for technologies such as carbon capture and storage, spurring their further development. If not corrected by the appropriate carbon price, low fossil fuel prices are not accurately signaling to markets the true social profitability of clean energy. While alternative estimates of the damage from carbon emissions differ, and it’s especially hard to reckon the likely costs of possible catastrophic climate events, most estimates suggest substantial negative effects.

[N]Direct subsidies to research and development have been adopted by some governments but are a poor substitute for a carbon price; they do only part of the job, leaving in place market incentives to overuse fossil fuels and thereby add to the stock of atmospheric greenhouse gases without regard to the collateral (附带的)costs.

[O]The hope is that the success of COP 21 opens the door to future international agreement on carbon prices. Agreement on an international carbon-price floor would be a good starting point in that process. Failure to address comprehensively the problem of greenhouse gas emissions, however, exposes all generations, present and future, to incalculable risks.

注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

36.A number of factors are driving down the global oil prices not just for now but in the foreseeable future.

37. Pricing carbon proves the most economical way to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

38. It is estimated that extreme weather conditions have endangered the lives of millions of African
children.

39. The prices of coal are low as a result of over-supply and decreasing demand.

40. Higher fossil fuel prices prove to be conducive to innovation and application of cleaner technology.

41. If fossil fuel prices remain low for a long time, it may lead to higher emissions of greenhouse gases.

42. Fossil fuels remain the major source of primary energy consumption in today"s world.

43. Even major fossil fuel exporting countries have great potential to develop renewable energies.

44. Greenhouse gas emissions, if not properly dealt with, will pose endless risks for mankind.

45. It is urgent for governments to increase the cost of using fossil fuels to an appropriate level to lessen the catastrophic effects of climate change.

36.【解析】G。根据题干中的关键词working-class parents, respect to adults 可定位至[G]段。

37.【解析】F。根据题干中的关键词American parents different ways of parenting 可定位至[F]段。

38.【解析】M。根据题干中的关键词psychological well-being children"s safety 可定位至[M]段。

39.【解析】 D。根据题干中的关键词differences in child rearing inequality 可定位至[D]段。

40.【解析】 G。根据题干中的关键词proachesapproaches可定位至[G]段。

41.【解析】O。根据题干中的关键词neighborhoods可定位至[0]段。

42.【解析】K。根椐题干中的关键 physical punishment well-educated parents 可定位至[K]段。

43.【解析】H。根据题干中的关键词Ms. Lareau fewer after-class activities 可定位至[H]段。

44.【解析】 B。根据题干中的关键词mental health busy schedules 可定位至[B]段。

45.【解析】 P。根据题干中的关键词socioeconomic differences, shrunk in the past ten years可定位至[P]段。

Section C

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

Open data sharers are still in the minority in many fields. Although many researchers broadly agree that public access to raw data would accelerate science, most are reluctant to post the results of their own labors online.

Some communities have agreed to share online—geneticists, for example, post DNA sequences at the GenBank repository ()and astronomers are accustomed to accessing images of galaxies and stars from, say, the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, a telescope that has observed some 500 million objects—but these remain the exception, not the rule. Historically, scientists have objected to sharing for many reasons: it is a lot of work; until recently, good databases did not exist; grant funders were not pushing for sharing; it has been difficult to agree on standards for formatting data; and there is no agreed way to assign credit for data.

But the barriers are disappearing, in part because journals and funding agencies worldwide are encouraging scientists to make their data public. Last year, the Royal Society in London said in its report that scientists need to “shift away from a research culture where data is viewed as a private preserve”. Funding agencies note that data paid for with public money should be public information and the scientific community is recognizing that data can now be shared digitally in ways that were not possible before. To match the growing demand, services are springing up to make it easier to publish research products online and enable other researchers to discover and cite them.

Although calls to share data often concentrate on the moral advantages of sharing, the practice is not purely altruistic (利他的).Researchers who share get plenty of personal benefits, including more connections with colleagues, improved visibility and increased citations. The most successful sharers— those whose data are downloaded and cited the most often—get noticed, and their work gets used. For example, one of the most popular data sets on multidisciplinary repository Dryad is about wood density around the world; it has been downloaded 5,700 times. Co-author Amy Zanne thinks that users probably range from climate-change researchers wanting to estimate how much carbon is stored in biomass, to foresters looking for information on different grades of timber. “I’d much prefer to have my data used by the maximum number of people to ask their own questions,” she says. “Its important to allow readers and reviewers to see exactly how you arrive at your results. Publishing data and code allows your science to be reproducible.”

Even people whose data are less popular can benefit. By making the effort to organize and label files so others can understand them, scientists become more organized and better disciplined themselves, thus avoiding confusion later on.

注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

What do many researchers generally accept?

46.A) It is imperative to protect scientists’ patents.

B) Repositories are essential to scientific research.

C) Open data sharing is most important to medical science.

D) Open data sharing is conducive to scientific advancement.

47.What is the attitude of most researchers towards making their own data public?

A) Opposed. B) Ambiguous.

C) Liberal. D) Neutral.

48.According to the passagewhat might hinder open data sharing?

A) The fear of massive copying.

B) The lack of a research culture.

C) The belief that research data is private intellectual property.

D) The concern that certain agencies may make a profit out of it.

49.What helps lift some of the barriers to open data sharing?

A) The ever-growing demand for big data. B) The advancement of digital technology.

C) The changing attitude of journals and funders. D) The trend of social and economic development.

50.Dryad serves as an example to show how open data sharing_______.

A) is becoming increasingly popular B) benefits sharers and users alike

C) makes researchers successful D) saves both money and labor

46. What do we learn about the decision of technical and community colleges in Tennessee?

A) It is backed by a campus spending analysis.

B)It has been flatly rejected by the governor.

C)It has neglected their facultys demands.

D)It will improve their financial situation.

【答案】A

【解析】由题干中的关键词decisiontechnical and community colleges, Tennessee可定位至第一段。A选项中的backed与原文中的bolstered 同义,因此选A

47. What does the campus spending analysis reveal?

A) Private companies play a big role in campus management.

B)Facilities management by colleges is more cost-effective.

C)Facilities management has greatly improved in recent years.

D)Colleges exercise foil control over their own financial affairs.

【答案】B

【解析】由题干中的关键词campus spending analysis, reveal 以定位至原文的第二段。题干中的reveal对应原文中的showed。因此选B

48. Workers supporters argue that Bill Haslams proposal would _________.

A) deprive colleges of the right to manage their facilities

B)make workers less motivated in performing duties

C)render a number of campus workers jobless

D)lead to the privatization of campus facilities

【答案】C

48.【解析】由题干中的关键词Workers supporters, Bill Haslams proposal可以定位至第四段。该段的第一句指出,工人拥护者已经批判了哈斯拉姆的计划,他们表示这将意味着一些校园工人可能会失去他们的工作或利益。因此选 C

49. What do we learn from the state spokeswomans response to John Morgans decision?

A) The outsourcing plan is not yet finalized.

B)The outsourcing plan will be implemented.

C)The state officials are confident about the outsourcing plan.

D)The college spending analysis justifies the outsourcing plan.

【答案】A

49.【解析】由题干中的关键词spokeswoman可定位至第六段。该段指出,发言人Michelle R. Martin表示官员们还在分析评议委员会的数据。大学体系和其他州相关部门的管理费用数据将会是“商业理由”的一部分,田纳西州会用此来研讨外包计划的细节。这说明,外包计划还在讨论中,尚未成定论,因此选A

50. Why did John Morgan decide to resign?

A) He had lost confidence in the Tennessee state government.

B)He disagreed with the governor on higher education policies.

C)He thought the states outsourcing proposal was simply unworkable.

D)He opposed the governors plan to reconstruct the college board system.

【答案】D

【解析】由题干中的关键词John Morgan, resign可定位至最后一段。该段的最后一句指出,在他的辞职信中,摩根表示这一重组计划“不切实际”。言外之意就是反对州长重组大学董事会的计划。因此选D

Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

Macy’s reported its sales plunged 5.2% in November and December at stores open more than a year, a disappointing holiday season performance that capped a difficult year for a department store chain facing wide-ranging challenges. Its flagship stores in major U.S. cities depend heavily on international tourist spending, which shrank at many retailers due to a strong dollar. Meanwhile, Macy’s has simply struggled to lure consumers who are more interested in spending on travel or dining out than on new clothes or accessories.

The company blamed much of the poor performance in November and December on unseasonably warm weather. “About 80% of our company’s year-over-year declines in comparable sales can be attributed to shortfalls (短缺)in cold-weather goods” said chief executive Terry Lundgren in a press release. This prompted the company to cut its forecasts for the full fourth quarter.

However, it’s clear that Macy’s believes its troubles run deeper than a temporary aberration ( 离)off the thermometer. The retail giant said the poor financial performance this year has pushed it to begin implementing $400 million in cost-cutting measures. The company pledged to cut 600 back-office positions, though some 150 workers in those roles would be reassigned to other jobs. It also pluns to offer “voluntary separation” packages to 165 senior executives. It will slash staffing at its fleet of 770 stores, a move affecting some 3,000 employees.

The retailer also announced the locations of 36 stores it will close in early 2016. The company had previously announced the planned closures, but had not said which locations would be affected. None of the chain’s stores in the Washington metropolitan area are to be closed.

Macy’s has been moving aggressively to try to remake itself for a new era of shopping. It has plans to open more locations of Macy’s Backstage, a newly-developed off-price concept which might help it better compete with ambitious T.J. Maxx. It’s also pushing ahead in 2016 with an expansion of Bluemercury, the beauty chain it bought last year. At a time when young beauty shoppers are often turning to Sephora or Ulta instead of department store beauty counters, Macy’s hopes Bluemercury will help strengthen its position in the category.

One relative bright spot for Macy’s during the holiday season was the online channel, where rang up “double-digit” increases in sales and a 25% increase in the number of orders it filled. That relative strength

would be consistent with what was seen in the wider retail industry during early part of the holiday season. While Thanksgiving, Black Friday and Cyber Monday all saw record spending online, in-store sales plunged over the holiday weekend.

注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

51. What does the author say about the shrinking spending of international tourists in the U.S.?

A) It is attributable to the rising value of the U.S. dollar.

B) It is a direct result of the global economic recession.

C) It reflects a shift of their interest in consumer goods.

D) It poses a potential threat to the retail business in the U.S.

52. What does Macys believe about its problems?

A) They can be solved with better management.

B) They cannot be attributed to weather only.

C) They are not as serious in its online stores.

D) They call for increased investments.

53. In order to cut costs, Macys decided to_______.

A) cut the salary of senior executives

B) relocate some of its chain stores

C) adjust its promotion strategies

D) reduce the size of its staff

54. Why does Macys plan to expand Bluemercury in 2016?

A) To experiment on its new business concept.

B) To focus more on beauty products than clothing.

C) To promote sales of its products by lowering prices.

D) To be more competitive in sales of beauty products.

55. What can we learn about Macys during the holiday season?

A) Sales dropped sharply in its physical stores.

B) Its retail sales exceeded those of T.J. Maxx.

C) It helped Bluemercury establish its position worldwide.

D) It filled its stores with abundant supply of merchandise.

51. What is said about the Grand Tour?

A) It was fashionable among young people of the time.

B)It was unaffordable for ordinary people.

C)It produced some famous European artists.

D)It made a compulsory part of college education.

【答案】B

【解析】由题干中的关键词the Grand Tour定位至第一段第二句。由此可知,大旅行对 于一般人来说是负担不起的。故选B

52. What did Grand Tourists have in common?

A) They had much geographic knowledge.

B)They were courageous and venturesome.

C)They were versed in literature and interested in art.

D)They had enough travel and outdoor-life experience.

【答案】C

【解析】由题干中的关键词Grand Tourists定位至第二段第一句。选项C是对原文 的同义表述,其中were versed in对应原文中的a thorough grounding in。故选C

53. How did Grand Tourists benefit from their travel?

A) They found inspiration in the worlds greatest masterpieces.

B)They got a better understanding of early human civilization.

C)They developed an interest in the origin of modem art forms.

D)They gained some knowledge of classical art and architecture.

【答案】D

【解析】由题干中的关键词benefit from their travel定位至第二段最后一句。选项D是对原文的同义改写,其中knowledge对应原文中的 understanding。故选 D

54. Why did many Grand Tourists visit the private collections?

A) They could buy unique souvenirs there to take back home.

B)Europe hardly had any museums before the 19th century.

C)They found the antiques there more valuable.

D)Private collections were of greater variety.

【答案】B

【解析】由题干中的关键词the private collections定位至第三段倒数第二句。选项中的hardly before the 19th century 分别对应原文中的 few before the close of the eighteenth century。故选 B

55. How did the Grand Tour influence the architecture in England?

A) There appeared more and more Roman-style buildings.

B)Many aristocrats began to move into Roman-style villas.

C)Aristocratscountry houses all had Roman-style gardens.

D)Italian architects were hired to design houses and gardens.

【答案】A

【解析】由题干中的关键词influence the architecture in England定位至第三段最后一句。由此可知,在英国会有越来越多的罗马风格的建筑,选项A是对原文的延展推理。故选A

Part IV Translation (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.

Part IV Translation (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.

唐朝始于618年,终于907年,是中国历史上最灿烂的时期。经过近三百年的发展,唐代中国成为世界上最繁荣的强国,其首都长安是当时世界上最大的都市。这一时期,经济发达、商业繁荣、社会秩序稳定,甚至边境也对外开放。随着城市化和财富的增加,艺术和文学也繁荣起来。李白和杜甫是以作品简洁自然而著称的诗人。他们的诗歌打动了学者和普通人的心。即使在今天,他们的许多诗歌仍广为儿童及成人阅读背诵。

【答案】The Tang Dynasty, which dated from 618 and ended in 907, was the most prosperous period in Chinese history. After nearly three hundred years of development, it had become the most flourishing power around the world, with its capital Chang an as the largest metropolis in the world. China during that period was embodied in the booming economy, thriving commerce, stable social order and even the open borders. As urbanization gained its momentum and wealth accumulated, art and literature also flourished. Li Bai and Du Fu were poets distinguished for their concise and natural writing style. Their poetry struck a chord with scholars as well as ordinary people. Even today, many of their poems are still widely read and recited by children and adults.

【2017年6月大学英语六级考试真题】2017年6月大学英语六级真题第一套试卷及答案

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