专四专八
99年改错Part Ⅱ Proofreading and Error Correction (15 min)  The following passage contains TEN errors E[db:cate]
专四专八报名条件|专四专八改错题复习汇总

99年改错

Part Proofreading and Error Correction (15 min) 
The following passage contains TEN errors. Each line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way.

For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line.

For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a “” sign and write the word you believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of the line.

For an unnecessary word cross out the unnecessary word with a slash “/’ and put the word in the blank provided at the end of the line. 
Example 
Whenart museum wants a new exhibit, (1) an 
it never buys things in finished form and hangs (2) never 
them on the wall. When a natural history museum  
wants an exhibition, it must often build it. (3) exhibit 

The hunter-gatherer tribes that today live as our prehistoric 1.______
human ancestors consume primarily a vegetable diet supplementing 2._____
with animal foods. An analysis of 58 societies of modem hunter-
gatherers, including the Kung of southern Africa, revealed that one
half emphasize gathering plant foods, one-third concentrate on fishing
and only one-sixth are primarily hunters. Overall, two-thirds
and more of the hunter-gatherer’s calories come from plants. Detailed 3.______
studies of the Kung by the food scientists at the University of
London, showed that gathering is a more productive source of food
than is hunting. An hour of hunting yields in average about 100 4.______
edible calories, as an hour of gathering produces 240. 5.______
Plant foods provide for 60 percent to 80 percent of the Kung 6._______
diet, and no one goes hungry when the hunt fails. Interestingly, if
they escape fatal infections or accidents, these contemporary
aborigines live to old ages despite of the absence of medical care. 7._______
They experience no obesity, no middle-aged spread, little dental
decay, no high blood pressure, on heart disease, and their blood
cholesterol levels are very low( about half of the average American 8._______
adult), if no one is suggesting what we return to an aboriginal life 9.________
style, we certainly could use their eating habits as a model for 10.________
healthier diet.

2000改错

The grammatical words which play so large a part in English  
grammar are for the most part sharply and obviously different 1._______  
from the lexical words. A rough and ready difference which may  
seem the most obvious is that grammatical words have“ less  
meaning”, but in fact some grammarians have called them 2._______  
“empty” words as opposed in the “full” words of vocabulary. 3.________
But this is a rather misled way of expressing the distinction. 4._________  
Although a word like the is not the name of something as man is,  
it is very far away from being meaningless; there is a sharp 5._________  
difference in meaning between “man is vile and” “the man is  
vile”, yet the is the single vehicle of this difference in meaning. 6.________  
Moreover, grammatical words differ considerably among  
themselves as the amount of meaning they have, even in the 7.________   
lexical sense. Another name for the grammatical words has been  
“little words”. But size is by no mean a good criterion for 8._________  
distinguishing the grammatical words of English, when we  
consider that we have lexical words as go, man, say, car. Apart 9.________  
from this, however, there is a good deal of truth in what some  
people say: we certainly do create a great number of obscurity 10.________  
when we omit them. This is illustrated not only in the poetry of  
Robert Browning but in the prose of telegrams and newspaper headlines.

2001改错

During the early years of this century, wheat was seen as the
very lifeblood of Western Canada. People on city streets watched
the yields and the price of wheat in almost as much feeling as if  1._______
they were growers. The marketing of wheat became an increasing  2._______
favorite topic of conversation.
     War set the stage for the most dramatic events in marketing
the western crop. For years, farmers mistrusted speculative grain
selling as carried on through the Winnipeg Grain Exchange.
Wheat prices were generally low in the autumn, so farmers could  3._______
not wait for markets to improve. It had happened too often that
they sold their wheat soon shortly after harvest when farm debts  4.________
were coming due, just to see prices rising and speculators getting rich.  5._______
On various occasions, producer groups, asked firmer control,  6._______
but the government had no wish to become involving, at  7.______
least not until wartime when wheat prices threatened to run
wild.
     Anxious to check inflation and rising life costs, the federal  8.______
government appointed a board of grain supervisors to deal with
deliveries from the crops of 1917 and 1918. Grain Exchange
trading was suspended, and farmers sold at prices fixed by the
board. To handle with the crop of 1919, the government appointed 9.______
the first Canadian Wheat Board, with total authority to  10.______
buy, sell, and set prices.

2002改错

There are great impediments to the general use of a standard

in pronunciation comparable to that existing in spelling (orthography).

One is the fact that pronunciation is learnt “naturally”

and unconsciously, and orthography is learnt 1__________

deliberately and consciously. Large numbers of us, in fact,

remain throughout our lives quite unconscious with what our speech 2.__________

sounds like when we speak out, and it often comes as a shock 3.__________

when we firstly hear a recording of ourselves. It is not a voice we 4._________

recognize at once, whereas our own handwriting is something

which we almost always know. We begin the natural learning 5.__________

of pronunciation long before we start learning to read or write,

and in our early years we went on unconsciously imitating and 6.__________

practicing the pronunciation of those around us for many more

hours per every day than we ever have to spend learning even our 7.___________

difficult English spelling. This is “natural”, therefore, that our 8.__________

speech-sounds should be those of our immediate circle; after all,

as we have seen, speech operates as a means of holding a community 9.__________

and giving a sense of "belonging". We learn quite early to

recognize a “stranger”, someone who speaks with an

accent of a different community-perhaps only a few miles far. 10.__________

2003改错

Demographic indicators show that Americans in the postwar 
period were more eager than ever to establish families. They quickly 
brought down the age at marriage for both men and women and brought 
the birth rate to a twentieth century height after more than a hundred (1)______
years of a steady decline, producing the “baby boom.” These young (2)_______
adults established a trend of early marriage and relatively large 
families that Went for more than two decades and caused a major (3)_______
but temporary reversal of long-term demographic patterns. From 
the 1940S through the early 1960s, Americans married at a high rate (4)________
and at a younger age than their Europe counterparts. (5)________
Less noted but equally more significant, the men and women on who (6)________
formed families between 1940 and 1960 nevertheless reduced the (7)________
divorce rate after a postwar peak; their marriages remained intact to 
a greater extent than did that of couples who married in earlier as well (8)________
as later decades. Since the United States maintained its dubious (9)_________
distinction of having the highest divorce rate in the world, the 
temporary decline in divorce did not occur in the same extent in (10)_________
Europe. Contrary to fears of the experts, the role of breadwinner and 
homemaker was not abandoned.

2004改错

One of the most important non-legislative functions of the U.S Congress
is the power to investigate. This power is usually delegated to committees - either
standing committees, special committees set for a specific (1)________
purpose, or joint committees consisted of members of both houses. (2)________
Investigations are held to gather information on the need for
future legislation, to test the effectiveness of laws already passed,
to inquire into the qualifications and performance of members and
officials of the other branches, and in rare occasions, to lay the (3)________
groundwork for impeachment proceedings. Frequently, committees
rely outside experts to assist in conducting investigative hearings (4)_________
and to make out detailed studies of issues. (5)_________
There are important corollaries to the investigative power. One
is the power to publicize investigations and its results. Most (6)_________
committee hearings are open to public and are reported (7)__________
widely in the mass media. Congressional investigations
nevertheless represent one important tool available to lawmakers (8)__________
to inform the citizenry and to arouse public interests in national issues.
(9)________
Congressional committees also have the power to compel
testimony from unwilling witnesses, and to cite for contempt
of Congress witnesses who refuse to testify and for perjury
these who give false testimony. (10)_________

2005改错

The University as Business
A number of colleges and universities have announced steep
tuition increases for next year much steeper than the current,
very low, rate of inflation. They say the increases are needed because
of a loss in value of university endowments heavily investing in common 1
stock. I am skeptical. A business firm chooses the price that maximizes
its net revenues, irrespective fluctuations in income; and increasingly the 2
outlook of universities in the United States is indistinguishable from those of 3
business firms. The rise in tuitions may reflect the fact economic uncertainty 4
increases the demand for education. The biggest cost of being
in the school is foregoing income from a job (this is primarily a factor in 5
graduate and professional-school tuition); the poor one"s job prospects, 6
the more sense it makes to reallocate time from the job market to education,
in order to make oneself more marketable.
The ways which universities make themselves attractive to students 7
include soft majors, student evaluations of teachers, giving students
a governance role, and eliminate required courses. 8
Sky-high tuitions have caused universities to regard their students as
customers. Just as business firms sometimes collude to shorten the 9
rigors of competition, universities collude to minimize the cost to them of the
athletes whom they recruit in order to stimulate alumni donations, so the best
athletes now often bypass higher education in order to obtain salaries earlier
from professional teams. And until they were stopped by the antitrust authorities,
the Ivy League schools colluded to limit competition for the best students, by
agreeing not to award scholarships on the basis of merit rather than purely
of need-just like business firms agreeing not to give discounts on their best 10
customer.

2006改错

We use language primarily as a means of communication with

other human beings. Each of us shares with the community in which we

live a store of words and meanings as well as agreeing conventions as  1_______

to the way in which words should be arranged to convey a particular 2______

message: the English speaker has in his disposal vocabulary and a 3_______

set of grammatical rules which enables him to communicate his 4______

thoughts and feelings, in a variety of styles, to the other English 5_______

speakers. His vocabulary, in particular, both that which he uses actively

and that which he recognizes, increases in size as he grows

old as a result of education and experience.                   6______

But, whether the language store is relatively small or large, the system

remains no more, than a psychological reality for tike inpidual, unless

he has a means of expressing it in terms able to be seen by another 7_______

member of his linguistic community; he bas to give tile system a

concrete transmission form. We take it for granted rice’ two most 8_______

common forms of transmission-by means of sounds produced by our

vocal organs (speech) or by visual signs (writing). And these are 9___ ___

among most striking of human achievements.                10_______

2007改错

From what has been said, it must be clear that no one can
make very positive statements about how language originated.
There is no material in any language today and in the earliest 1
records of ancient languages show us language in a new and 2

emerging state. It is often said, of course, that the language 3 ___
originated in cries of anger, fear, pain and pleasure, and the 4
necessary evidence is entirely lacking: there are no remote  
tribes, no ancient records, providing evidence of
a language with a large proportion of such cries       5
than we find in English. It is true that the absence    
of such evidence does not disprove the theory, but in   6
other grounds too the theory is not very attractive.
People of all races and languages make rather similar
noises in return to pain or pleasure. The fact that   7
such noises are similar on the lips of Frenchmen
and Malaysians whose languages are utterly different,
serves to emphasize on the fundamental difference     8__________

between these noises and language proper. We may
say that the cries of pain or chortles of amusement
are largely reflex actions, instinctive to large extent, 9
whereas language proper does not consist of signs
but of these that have to be learnt and that are       10__________

wholly conventional.

2008年改错

The desire to use language as a sign of national identity

is a very natural oneand in result language has played a 1__________

prominent part in national movesMen have often felt the need 2__________

to cultivate a given language to show that they are distinctive 3____________

from another racewhose hegemony they resentAt the time the 4.___________

United States split off from Britainfor examplethere

were proposals that independence should be linguistically accepted by 5._________

the use of a different language from those of Britain 6.__________

There was even one proposal that Americans should adopt Hebrew

Others favoured the adoption of Greekthoughas one man put it

things would certainly be simpler for Americans if they stuck on to 7.___________

English and made the British learn GreekAt the endas everyone 8.___________ knowsthe two countries adopted the practical and satisfactory

solution of carrying with the same language as beforeSince

nearly two hundred years nowthey have shown the 9.____________

world that political independence and national identity can be 10.___________ complete without sacrificing the enormous mutual advantages of a common language

2009年改错

The previous section has shown how quickly a rhyme passes

from one school child to the next and illustrates the further difference (1)__ ___

between shcool lore and nursery lore. In nursery lore a verse, learnt

in early childhood, is not usually passed on again when the little listener (2)__ ___

has grown up, and has children of their own, or even grandchildren. (3)___ __

The period between learning a nursery rhyme and transmitting

It may be something from twenty to seventy years. With the playground (4)__ ___

lore, therefore, a rhyme may be excitedly passed on whtin the very hour (5)__ ___

it is learnt; and in the general, it passes between children of the (6)___ __

same age, or nearly so, since it is uncommon for the difference in age

between playmates to be more than five years. If therefore, a playground

rhyme can be shown to have been currently for a hundred years, or (7)___ __

even just for fifty, it follows that it has been retransmitting over

and over; very possibly it has passed along a chain of two or three (8)__ ___

hundred young hearers and tellers, and the wonder is that it remains live (9)___ __

after so much handling, to let alone that it bears resemblance to the (10)__ __

original wording.

2012

PART IV PROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTION (15 MIN)
  The passage contains TEN errorsEach indicated line contains a maximum of ONE errorIn each case, only ONE word is involvedYou should proof-read the passage and correct it in the following way:
  For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line.
  For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a "L" sign and write the word you believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of the line.
  For an unnecessary word, cross the unnecessary word with a slash "/" and put the word in the blank provided at the end of the line.
  EXAMPLE
  When A art museum wants a new exhibit, (1) an
  it never buys things in finished form and hangs (2) never
  them on the wallWhen a natural history museum
  wants an exhibition, it must often build it (3) exhibit  
  

Proofread the given passage on ANSWER SHEET TWO as instructed.  
The central problem of translating has always been whether to translate literally or freelyThe argument has been going since at least the first (1) ______
century B.CUp to the beginning of the 19th century, many writers
favoured certain kind of “free” translation: the spirit, not the letter; the (2) _______
sense not the word; the message rather the form; the matter not (3) _______
the mannerThis is the often revolutionary slogan of writers who (4) _______
wanted the truth to be read and understoodThen in the turn of 19th (5) _______
century, when the study of cultural anthropology suggested that
the linguistic barriers were insuperable and that the language (6) _______
was entirely the product of culture, the view translation was impossible (7) _______
gained some currency, and with it that, if was attempted at all, it must be as (8) _____
literal as possibleThis view culminated the statement of the (9) _______
extreme “literalists” Walter Benjamin and Vladimir Nobokov.
The argument was theoretical: the purpose of the translation, the
nature of the readership, the type of the text, was not discussedToo
often, writer, translator and reader were implicitly identified with
each otherNow, the context has changed, and the basic problem remains (10)_____

专四专八报名条件|专四专八改错题复习汇总

http://m.jianqiaoenglish.com/79278.html

推荐访问:专四专八考试时间 专四专八是什么
相关阅读专四专八 
热点推荐